#"/%!&0!/ #%
$01>G0O ?@>3@0<<0 ?> E8<88 =0 C@>2=5 A@54=53> >1I53> >1@07>20=8O
@07@01>B0=0 =0 >A=>25 (545@0;L=>3> 70:>=0 >B 29.12.2012 7 273-( «"1
>1@07>20=88 2 $>AA89A:>9 (545@0F88», B@51>20=89 : @57C;LB0B0< >A2>5=8O
D545@0;L=>9 >1@07>20B5;L=>9 ?@>3@0< >1I53> >1@07>20=8O(("#
%""), ?@54AB02;5==KE 2 (545@0;L=>< 3>AC40@AB25==>< >1@07>20B5;L=><
AB0=40@B5 %"", A CGёB>< >=F5?F88 ?@5?>4020=8O CG51=>3> ?@54<5B0
«)8<8O» 2 >1@07>20B5;L=KE >@30=870F8OE $>AA89A:>9 (545@0F88,
@50;87CNI8E >A=>2=K5 >1@07>20B5;L=K5 ?@>3@0<A=>2=KE ?>;>65=89
«%B@0B5388 @0728B8O 2>A?8B0=8O 2 $>AA89A:>9 (545@0F88 =0 ?5@8>4 4> 2025
3>40» ($0A?>@O65=85 #@028B5;LAB20 $( >B 29.05. 2015 7 996 - @.).
)8<8O =0 C@>2=5 C3;C1;ё==>3> 87CG5=8O 70=8<05B 206=>5 <5AB> 2
A8AB5<5 5AB5AB25==>-=0CG=>3> >1@07>20=8O CG0I8EAO 10311 :;0AA>2.
7CG5=85 ?@54<5B0, @50;87C5<>5 2 CA;>28OE 48DD5@5=F8@>20==>3>,
?@>D8;L=>3> >1CG5=8O, ?@8720=> >15A?5G8BL >1I5>1@07>20B5;L=CN 8
>1I5:C;LBC@=CN ?>43>B>2:C 2K?CA:=8:>2 H:>;K, =5>1E>48 <5=ONI828O< 687=8 2 A>F8C<5, 0 B0:65 4;O
?@>4>;65=8O >1CG5=8O 2 >@30=870F8OE ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>3> >1@07>20=8O, 2
:>B>@KE E8<8O O2;O5BAO >4=>9 87 ?@8>@8B5B=KE 48AF8?;8=.
 ?@>3@0<<5 ?> E8<88 =07=0G5=85 ?@54<5B0 «)8<8O» ?>;CG05B
?>4@>1=CN 8=B5@?@5B0F8N 2 A>>B25BAB288 A >A=>2>?>;030NI8<8
?>;>65=8O<8 ("% %"" > 2708<>>1CA;>2;5==>AB8 F5;59, A>45@60=8O,
@57C;LB0B>2 >1CG5=8O 8 B@51>20=89 : C@>2=N ?>43>B>2:8 2K?CA:=8:>2.
%2845B5;LAB2>< B>;=O53@0<<>9 ?>
E8<88 DC=:F88:
 8=D>@<0F8>==>-<5B>48G5A:0O, @50;870F8O :>B>@>9 >15A?5G8205B
?>;CG5=85 ?@54AB02;5=8O > F5;OE, A>45@60=88, >1I59 AB@0B5388
>1CG5=8O, 2>A?8B0=8O 8 @0728B8O >1CG0NI8EAO A@54AB20<8 ?@54<5B0,
87CG05<>3> 2 @0<:0E :>=:@5B=>3> ?@>D8;O;
 >@30=870F8>==>-?;0=8@CNI0O,
:>B>@0O
?@54CA<0B@8205B
>?@545;5=85: ?@8=F8?>2 AB@C:BC@8@>20=8O 8 ?>A;54>20B5;L=>AB8
87CG5=8O CG51=>3> <0B5@80;0, :>;8G5AB25==KE 8 :0G5AB25==KE 53>
E0@0:B5@8AB8:; ?>4E>4>2 : D>@<8@>20=8N A>45@60B5;L=>9 >A=>2K
:>=B@>;O 8 >F5=:8 >1@07>20B5;L=KE 4>AB865=89 >1CG0NI8EAO 2
@0<:0E 8B>3>2>9 0BB5AB0F88 2 D>@<5 548=>3> 3>AC40@AB25==>3>
M:70<5=0 ?> E8<88.
#@>3@0<<0 4;O C3;C1;ё==>3> 87CG5=8O E8<88:
 CAB0=02;8205B 8=20@80=B=>5 ?@54<5B=>5 A>45@60=85, >1O70B5;L=>5
4;O 87CG5=8O 2 @0<:0E >B45;L=KE ?@>D8;59, ?@54CA<0B@8205B

@0A?@545;5=85 8 AB@C:BC@8@>20=85 53> ?> :;0AA0<, >A=>2=K<
A>45@60B5;L=K< ;8=8O5 @0A?@545;5=85 CG51=>3> 2@5<5=8, @5:><5=4C5<>3> 4;O
87CG5=8O >B45;L=KE B5<;
 ?@54;0305B ?@8<5@=CN ?>A;54>20B5;L=>ABL 87CG5=8O CG51=>3>
<0B5@80;0 A CGёB>< ;>38:8 ?>AB@>5=8O :C@A0, 2=CB@8?@54<5B=KE 8
<56?@54<5B=KE A2O759;
 40ёB <5B>48G5A:CN 8=B5@?@5B0F8N F5;59 8 7040G 87CG5=8O ?@54<5B0
=0 C3;C1;ё==>< C@>2=5 A CGёB>< A>2@5<5==KE ?@8>@8B5B>2 2 A8AB5<5
A@54=53> >1I53> >1@07>20=8O, A>45@60B5;L=>9 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8
?;0=8@C52 >A2>5=8O >A=>2=>9 >1@07>20B5;L=>9
?@>3@0<
>1I53>
>1@07>20=8O
(;8G=>AB=KE,
<5B0?@54<5B=KE, ?@54<5B=KE), 0 B0:65 A CGёB>< >A=>2=KE 284>2
CG51=>-?>7=020B5;L=KE 459AB289 >1CG0NI53>AO ?> >A2>5=8N
A>45@60=8O ?@54<5B0.
#> 2A5< =0720==K< ?>78F8O< 2 ?@>3@0<<5 ?> E8<88 ?@54CA<>B@5=0
?@55ABL A >1CG5=85< E8<88 =0 C@>2=5 >A=>2=>3> >1I53>
>1@07>20=8O. 0 ?@545;0<8 CAB0=>2;5==>9 ?@>3@0<<>9 ?> E8<88 >1O70B5;L=>9
(8=20@80=B=>9) A>AB02;ONI59 A>45@60=8O CG51=>3> ?@54<5B0 «)8<8O»
>AB0ёBAO 2>7<>6=>ABL 2K1>@0 53> 20@80B82=>9 A>AB02;ONI59, :>B>@0O 4>;6=0
>?@545;OBLAO 2 A>>B25BAB288 A =0?@02;5=85< :>=:@5B=>3> ?@>D8;O >1CG5=8O.
 A>>B25BAB288 A :>=F5?BC0;L=K<8 ?>;>65=8O<8 ("% %"" >
=07=0G5=88 ?@54<5B>2 107>2>3> 8 C3;C1;ё==>3> C@>2=59 2 A8AB5<5
48DD5@5=F8@>20==>3> >1CG5=8O =0 C@>2=5 A@54=53> >1I53> >1@07>20=8O
E8<8O =0 C@>2=5 C3;C1;ё==>3> 87CG5=8O =0?@02;5= =0 @50;870F8N
?@55AB8 A ?>A;54CNI8< MB0?>< ?>;CG5=8O E8<8G5A:>3> >1@07>20=8O
2 @0<:0E 87CG5=8O A?5F80;L=KE 5AB5AB25==>-=0CG=KE 8 E8<8G5A:8E
48AF8?;8= 2 2C70E 8 >@30=870F8OE A@54=53> ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>3> >1@07>20=8O.
 MB>9 A2O78 87CG5=85 ?@54<5B0 «)8<8O» >@85=B8@>20=> ?@58 =0
@0AH8@5=85 8 C3;C1;5=85 B5>@5B8G5A:>9 8 ?@0:B8G5A:>9 ?>43>B>2:8
>1CG0NI8EAO, 2K1@02H8E >?@545;ё==K9 ?@>D8;L >1CG5=8O, 2 B>< G8A;5 A
?5@A?5:B82>9 ?>A;54CNI53> ?>;CG5=8O E8<8G5A:>3> >1@07>20=8O 2
>@30=870F8OE ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>3> >1@07>20=8O. !0@O4C A MB8<, 2 A25B5
B@51>20=89 ("% %"" : ?;0=8@C5A2>5=8O D545@0;L=>9
>1@07>20B5;L=>9 ?@>3@0< >1I53> >1@07>20=8O 87CG5=85 ?@54<5B0
«)8<8O» >@85=B8@>20=> B0:65 =0 @5H5=85 7040G 2>A?8B0=8O 8 A>F80;L=>3>
@0728B8O >1CG0NI8EAO, =0 D>@<8@>20=85 C =8E >1I58=B5;;5:BC0;L=KE
C<5=89, C<5=89 @0F8>=0;870F88 CG51=>3> B@C40 8 >1>1Iё==KE A?>A>1>2
45OB5;L=>AB8, 8<5NI8E <5648AF8?;8=0@=K9, =04?@54<5B=K9 E0@0:B5@.

%>AB02;ONI8<8 ?@54<5B0 «)8<8O» =0 C@>2=5 C3;C1;ё==>3> 87CG5=8O
O2;ONBAO C3;C1;ё==K5 :C@AK 3 «"@30=8G5A:0O E8<8O» 8 «"1I0O 8
=5>@30=8G5A:0O E8<8O». #@8 >?@545;5=88 ?>4E>4>2 : >B1>@C 8 AB@C:BC@=>9
>@30=870F88 A>45@60=8O MB8E :C@A>2 2 ?@>3@0<<5 ?> E8<88 70 >A=>2C
?@8=OBK ?>;>65=8O ("% %"" > @07;8G8OE 107>2>3> 8 C3;C1;ё==>3> C@>2=59
87CG5=8O ?@54<5B0.
"A=>2C A>45@60=8O :C@A>2 «"@30=8G5A:0O E8<8O» 8 «"1I0O 8
=5>@30=8G5A:0O E8<8O» A>AB02;O5B A>2>:C?=>ABL ?@54<5B=KE 7=0=89 8
C<5=89, >B=>AOI8EAO : 107>2>2=N 87CG5=8O ?@54<5B0. 1B0 A8AB5<0
7=0=89 ?>;CG05B >?@545;ё==>5 B5>@5B8G5A:>5 4>?>;=5=85, ?>72>;ONI55
>A>7=0==> >A2>8BL ACI5AB25==> 1>;LH89 >1Jё< D0:B>;>38G5A:>3> <0B5@80;0.
&0:, =0 C3;C1;ё==>< C@>2=5 87CG5=8O ?@54<5B0 >15A?5G5=0 2>7<>6=>ABL
7=0G8B5;L=>3> C25;8G5=8O >1Jё<0 7=0=89 > E8<8G5A:8E M;5<5=B0E 8 A2>9AB20E
8E A>548=5=89 =0 >A=>25 @0AH8@5=8O 8 C3;C1;5=8O ?@54AB02;5=89 > AB@>5=88
25I5AB20, E8<8G5A:>9 A2O78 8 70:>=><5@=>ABOE ?@>B5:0=8O @50:F89,
@0AA<0B@8205G:8 7@5=8O E8<8G5A:>9 :8=5B8:8 8 B5@<>48=0<8:8.
7CG5=85 ?5@8>48G5A:>3> 70:>=0 8 #5@8>48G5A:>9 A8AB52 1078@C5BAO =0 A>2@5<5==KE :20=B>2><5E0=8G5A:8E ?@54AB02;5=8OE
> AB@>5=88 0B><0. )8<8G5A:0O A2O7L >1JOA=O5BAO A B>G:8 7@5=8O
M=5@35B8G5A:8E 87<5=5=89 ?@8 5ё >1@07>20=88 8 @07@CH5=88, 0 B0:65 A B>G:8
7@5=8O <5E0=87<>2 5ё >1@07>20=8O. 7CG5=85 B8?>2 @50:F89 4>?>;=O5BAO
D>@<8@>20=85< ?@54AB02;5=89 >1 M;5:B@>E8<8G5A:8E ?@>F5AA0E 8
M;5:B@>;875 @0A?;02>2 8 @0AB2>@>2 25I5AB2.  :C@A5 >@30=8G5A:>9 E8<88 ?@8
@0AA<>B@5=88 @50:F8>==>9 A?>A>1=>AB8 A>548=5=89 C45;O5BAO >A>1>5
2=8<0=85 2>?@>A0< >1 M;5:B@>==KE MDD5:B0E, > 2708<=>< 2;8O=88 0B><>2 2
<>;5:C;0E 8 <5E0=87<0E @50:F89.
"A>1>5 7=0G5=85 8<55B B>, GB> =0 A>45@60=85 :C@A>2 E8<88 C3;C1;ё==>3>
C@>2=O 87CG5=8O 4;O :;0AA>2 >?@545;ё==>3> ?@>D8;O (3;02=K< >1@07>< =0 8E
AB@C:BC@C 8 E0@0:B5@ 4>?>;=5=89 : >1I59 A8AB5<5 ?@54<5B=KE 7=0=89)
>:07K20NB 2;8O=85 A<56=K5 ?@54<5BK. &0:, =0?@8<5@, 2 A>45@60=88
?@54<5B0 4;O :;0AA>2 E8<8:>-D878G5A:>3> ?@>D8;O 1>;LH>5 7=0G5=85 1C4CB
8<5BL M;5<5=BK CG51=>3> <0B5@80;0 ?> >1I59 E8<88. #@8 87CG5=88 ?@54<5B0
2 40==>< A;CG05 0:F5=B 1C45B A45;0= =0 >1I=>ABL <5B>4>2 ?>7=0=8O,
>1I=>ABL 70:>=>2 8 B5>@89 2 E8<88 8 2 D878:5: 0B><=>-<>;5:C;O@=0O B5>@8O
(<>;5:C;O@=0O B5>@8O 2 D878:5), 70:>=K A>E@0=5=8O <0AAK 8 M=5@388, 70:>=K
B5@<>48=0<8:8, M;5:B@>;870, ?@54AB02;5=8O > AB@>5=88 25I5AB2 8 4@C3>5.
 B> 65 2@545@60=88 ?@54<5B0 4;O :;0AA>2 E8<8:>18>;>38G5A:>3> ?@>D8;O 1>;LH89 C45;L=K9 25A 1C45B 8<5BL >@30=8G5A:0O
E8<8O.  MB>< A;CG05 ?@54>AB02;O5BAO 2>7<>6=>ABL 4;O 1>;55 >1AB>OB5;L=>3>

@0AA<>B@5=8O E8<8G5A:>9 >@30=870F88 :;5B:8 :0: 18>;>38G5A:>9 A8AB5AB02 :>B>@>9 2E>4OB, : ?@8<5@C, B0:85 AB@C:BC@=K5 :>=5=BK, :0:
;8?84K, 15;:8, C3;52>4K, =C:;58=>2K5 :8A;>BK 8 4@C385. #@8 MB>< 7=0=8O >
A>AB025 8 A2>9AB20E ?@54AB028B5;59 >A=>2=KE :;0AA>2 >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2
A;C60B >A=>2>9 4;O 87CG5=8O ACI=>AB8 ?@>F5AA>2 D>B>A8=B570, 4KE0=8O,
?8I520@5=8O.
 ?;0=5 D>@<8@>20=8O >A=>2 =0CG=>3> <8@>2>77@5=8O, >A2>5=8O
>1I5=0CG=KE <5B>4>2 ?>7=0=8O 8 >?KB0 ?@0:B8G5A:>3> ?@8<5=5=8O =0CG=KE
7=0=89 87CG5=85 ?@54<5B0 «)8<8O» =0 C3;C1;ё==>< C@>2=5 >A=>20=> =0
<56?@54<5B=KE A2O7OE A CG51=K<8 ?@54<5B0<8, 2E>4OI8<8 2 A>AB02
?@54<5B=KE >1;0AB59 «AB5AB25==>-=0CG=K5 ?@54<5BK», « 0B5<0B8:0 8
8=D>@<0B8:0» 8 «$CAA:89 O7K: 8 ;8B5@0BC@0».
#@8 87CG5=88 CG51=>3> ?@54<5B0 «)8<8O» =0 C3;C1;ё==>< C@>2=5 B0:65,
:0: =0 C@>2=5 >A=>2=>3> 8 A@54=53> >1I53> >1@07>20=8O (=0 107>2>< C@>2=5),
7040G59 ?5@2>AB5?5==>9 7=0G8<>AB8 O2;O5BAO D>@<8@>20=85 >A=>2 =0C:8
E8<88 :0: >1;0AB8 A>2@5<5==>3> 5AB5AB2>7=0=8O, ?@0:B8G5A:>9 45OB5;L=>AB8
G5;>25:0 8 >4=>3> 87 :>=5=B>2 <8@>2>9 :C;LBC@K. $5H5=85 MB>9 7040G8 =0
C3;C1;ё==>< C@>2=5 87CG5=8O ?@54<5B0 ?@54?>;0305B @50;870F8N B0:8E
F5;59, :0::
 D>@<8@>20=85 ?@54AB02;5=89: > <0B5@80;L=>< 548=AB25 <8@0,
70:>=><5@=>ABOE 8 ?>7=0205<>AB8 O2;5=89 ?@8@>4K, > <5AB5 E8<88 2
A8AB5<5 5AB5AB25==KE =0C: 8 5ё 254CI59 @>;8 2 >15A?5G5=88
CAB>9G82>3> @0728B8O G5;>25G5AB20: 2 @5H5=88 ?@>1;5<
M:>;>38G5A:>9, M=5@35B8G5A:>9 8 ?8I52>9 157>?0A=>AB8, 2 @0728B88
<548F8=K, A>740=88 =>2KE <0B5@80;>2, =>2KE 8AB>G=8:>2 M=5@388, 2
>15A?5G5=88 @0F8>=0;L=>3> ?@8@>4>?>;L7>20=8O, 2 D>@<8@>20=88
<8@>2>77@5=8O 8 >1I59 :C;LBC@K G5;>25:0, 0 B0:65 M:>;>38G5A:8
>1>A=>20==>3> >B=>H5=8O : A2>5@>2LN 8 ?@8@>4=>9 A@545;
 >A2>5=85 A8AB5A=>25 E8<8G5A:>9
A>AB02;ONI59 5AB5AB25==>-=0CG=>9 :0@B8=K <8@0: DC=40<5=B0;L=KE
?>=OB89, 70:>=>2 8 B5>@89 E8<88, A>2@5<5==KE ?@54AB02;5=89 >
AB@>5=88 25I5AB20 =0 @07=KE C@>2=OE 3 0B><=><, 8>==><>;5:C;O@=><,
=04<>;5:C;O@=><,
>
B5@<>48=0<8G5A:8E
8
:8=5B8G5A:8E 70:>=><5@=>ABOE ?@>B5:0=8O E8<8G5A:8E @50:F89, >
E8<8G5A:>< @02=>25A88, @0AB2>@0E 8 48A?5@A=KE A8AB5<0E, >1 >1I8E
=0CG=KE ?@8=F8?0E E8<8G5A:>3> ?@>872>4AB20;
 D>@<8@>20=85
C
>1CG0NI8EAO
>A>7=0==>3>
?>=8<0=8O
2>AB@51>20==>AB8 A8AB5<=KE E8<8G5A:8E 7=0=89 4;O >1JOA=5=8O
:;NG52KE 8459 8 ?@>1;5< A>2@5<5==>9 E8<88, 4;O >1JOA=5=8O 8

?@>3=>78@>20=8O O2;5=89, 8<5NI8E 5AB5AB25==>-=0CG=CN ?@8@>4C;
3@0<>B=>3> @5H5=8O ?@>1;5<, A2O70==KE A E8<859, ?@>3=>78@>20=8O,
0=0;870 8 >F5=:8 A ?>78F89 M:>;>38G5A:>9 157>?0A=>AB8 ?>A;54AB289
1KB>2>9 8 ?@>872>4AB25==>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 G5;>25:0, A2O70==>9 A
E8<8G5A:8< ?@>872>4AB2><, 8A?>;L7>20=85< 8 ?5@5@01>B:>9 25I5AB2;
 C3;C1;5=85 ?@54AB02;5=89 > =0CG=KE <5B>40E ?>7=0=8O, =5>1E>481@5B5=8O C<5=89 >@85=B8@>20BLAO 2 <8@5 25I5AB2 8
>1JOA=5=8O E8<8G5A:8E O2;5=89, 8<5NI8E <5AB> 2 ?@8@>45, 2
?@0:B8G5A:>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 8 ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8.
 ?;0=5 @50;870F88 ?5@2>>G5@54=KE 2>A?8B0B5;L=KE 8 @072820NI8E
DC=:F89 F5;>AB=>9 A8AB5 >1I53> >1@07>20=8O ?@8 87CG5=88
?@54<5B0 «)8<8O» =0 C3;C1;ё==>< C@>2=5 >A>1CN 0:BC0;L=>ABL
?@8>1@5B0NB B0:85 F5;8 8 7040G8, :0::
 2>A?8B0=85 C1564ё==>AB8 2 ?>7=0205<>AB8 O2;5=89 ?@8@>4K,
C2065=8O : ?@>F5AAC B2>@G5AB20 2 >1;0AB8 B5>@5B8G5A:8E 8
?@8:;04=KE 8AA;54>20=89 2 E8<88, D>@<8@>20=85 <8@>2>77@5=8O,
A>>B25BAB2CNI53> A>2@5<5==>2=N @0728B8O =0C:8;
 @0728B85 <>B820F88 : >1CG5=8N 8 ?>7=0=8N, A?>A>1=>AB59 :
A0<>:>=B@>;N
8
A0<>2>A?8B0=8N
=0
>A=>25
CA2>5=8O
>1I5G5;>25G5A:8E F5==>AB59;
 @0728B85 ?>7=020B5;L=KE 8=B5@5A>2, 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=KE 8 B2>@G5A:8E
A?>A>1=>AB59 >1CG0NI8EAO, D>@<8@>20=85 C =8E A>7=0B5;L=>3>
>B=>H5=8O : A0<>>1@07>20=8N 8 =5?@5@K2=>1@07>20=8N :0:
CA;>28N CA?5H=>9 ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>9 8 >1I5AB25==>9 45OB5;L=>AB8,
>B25BAB25==>3> >B=>H5=8O : A2>5@>2LN 8 ?>B@51=>AB8 2
74>@>2>< >1@075 687=8;
 D>@<8@>20=85 C<5=89 8 =02K:>2 @07C<=>3> ?@8@>4>?>;L7>20=8O,
@0728B85 M:>;>38G5A:>9 :C;LBC@K, ?@8>1@5B5=85 >?KB0 >1I5AB25==>?>;57=>9 M:>;>38G5A:>9 45OB5;L=>AB8.
"1I55 G8A;> G0A>2, ?@54CA<>B@5==KE 4;O 87CG5=8O E8<88 =0 C3;C1;5==><
C@>2=5 A@54=53> >1I53> >1@07>20=8O, A>AB02;O5B 204 G0A>2: 2 10 :;0AA5 3 102
G0A0 (3 G0A0 2 =545;N), 2 11 :;0AA5 3 102 G0A0 (3 G0A0 2 =545;N).

%"$! "'+!/
10 %%
"$!+%/ ) /
&5>@5B8G5A:85 >A=>2O >@30=8G5A:>9 E8<88.
#@54<5B 8 7=0G5=85 >@30=8G5A:>9 E8<88, ?@54AB02;5=85 > <=>3>>1@0788
>@30=8G5A:8E A>548=5=89.
1;5:B@>==>5 AB@>5=85 0B><0 C3;5@>40: >A=>2=>5 8 2>71C64ё==>5
A>AB>O=8O. 0;5=B=K5 2>7<>6=>AB8 0B><0 C3;5@>40. )8<8G5A:0O A2O7L 2
>@30=8G5A:8E A>548=5=8OE. &8?K 381@84870F88 0B><=KE >@18B0;59 C3;5@>40.
5E0=871@07>20=8O :>20;5=B=>9 A2O78 (>1<5==K9 8 4>=>@=>0:F5?B>@=K9). &8?K ?5@5:@K20=8O 0B><=KE >@18B0;59, σ- 8 Ã-A2O78.
"48=0@=0O, 42>9=0O 8 B@>9=0O A2O7L. %?>A>1K @07@K20 A2O759 2 <>;5:C;0E
>@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2. #>=OB85 > A2>1>4=>< @048:0;5, =C:;5>D8;5 8
M;5:B@>D8;5.
&5>@8O AB@>5=8O >@30=8G5A:8E A>548=5=89 . . CB;5@>20 8
A>2@5<5==K5 ?@54AB02;5=8O > AB@C:BC@5 <>;5:C;. =0G5=85 B5>@88 AB@>5=8O
>@30=8G5A:8E A>548=5=89.
>;5:C;O@=K5 8 AB@C:BC@=K5 D>@@2: @072ё@=CB0O, A>:@0Iё==0O,
A:5;5B=0O. 7><5@8O. 84K 87><5@88: AB@C:BC@=0O, ?@>AB@0=AB25==0O.
1;5:B@>==K5 MDD5:BK 2 <>;5:C;0E >@30=8G5A:8E A>548=5=89 (8=4C:B82=K9 8
<57><5@=K9 MDD5:BK).
#@54AB02;5=85 > :;0AA8D8:0F88 >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2. #>=OB85 >
DC=:F8>=0;L=>9 3@C??5. ><>;>38O. ><>;>38G5A:85 @O4K. %8AB5<0B8G5A:0O
=><5=:;0BC@0 >@30=8G5A:8E A>548=5=89 (IUPAC) 8 B@8280;L=K5 =0720=8O
>B45;L=KE ?@54AB028B5;59.
"A>15==>AB8 8 :;0AA8D8:0F8O >@30=8G5A:8E @50:F89. ":8A;8B5;L=>2>AAB0=>28B5;L=K5 @50:F88 2 >@30=8G5A:>9 E8<88.
1:A?5@8<5=B0;L=K5 <5B>4K 87CG5=8O 25I5AB2 8 8E ?@52@0I5=89:
>7=0:><;5=85 A >1@07F0<8 >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2 8 <0B5@80;0<8 =0 8E >A=>25,
>?KBK ?> ?@52@0I5=8N >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2 ?@8 =03@520=88 (?;02;5=85,
>1C3;820=85 8 3>@5=85), :>=AB@C8@>20=85 <>45;59 <>;5:C; >@30=8G5A:8E
25I5AB2.
'3;52>4>@>4O.
;:0=K. ><>;>38G5A:89 @O4 0;:0=>2, >1I0O D>@<5=:;0BC@0 8
87><5@8O. 1;5:B@>==>5 8 ?@>AB@0=AB25==>5 AB@>5=85 <>;5:C; 0;:0=>2, sp3381@84870F8O 0B><=KE >@18B0;59 C3;5@>40, σ-A2O7L. (878G5A:85 A2>9AB20
0;:0=>2.

)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 0;:0=>2: @50:F88 70<5I5=8O, 87><5@870F88,
45384@8@>20=8O, F8:;870F88, ?8@>;870, :@5:8=30, 3>@5=8O. #@54AB02;5=85 >
<5E0=87<5 @50:F89 @048:0;L=>3> 70<5I5=8O.
!0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45. %?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85 0;:0=>2.
*8:;>0;:0=K. "1I0O D>@<5=:;0BC@0 8 87><5@8O. "A>15==>AB8
AB@>5=8O 8 E8<8G5A:8E A2>9AB2 <0;KE (F8:;>?@>?0=, F8:;>1CB0=) 8 >1KG=KE
(F8:;>?5=B0=, F8:;>35:A0=) F8:;>0;:0=>2. %?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85
F8:;>0;:0=>2.
;:5=K. ><>;>38G5A:89 @O4 0;:5=>2, >1I0O D>@<5=:;0BC@0.
1;5:B@>==>5 8 ?@>AB@0=AB25==>5 AB@>5=85 <>;5:C; 0;:5=>2, sp2-381@84870F8O
0B><=KE >@18B0;59 C3;5@>40, σ- 8 Ã-A2O78. %B@C:BC@=0O 8 35><5B@8G5A:0O
(F8A-B@0=A-) 87><5@8O. (878G5A:85 A2>9AB20 0;:5=>2. )8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20:
@50:F88 ?@8A>548=5=8O, 70<5I5=8O 2 α-?>;>65=85 ?@8 42>9=>9 A2O78,
?>;8<5@870F88 8 >:8A;5=8O. #@028;> 0@:>2=8:>20. 0G5AB25==K5 @50:F88
=0 42>9=CN A2O7L. %?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85 0;:5=>2.
;:0485=K. ;0AA8D8:0F8O 0;:0485=>2 (A>?@O6ё==K5, 87>;8@>20==K5,
>у@у?ирBваAAые). "A>15==>AB8 M;5:B@>==>3> AB@>5=8O 8 E8<8G5A:8E A2>9AB2
A>?@O6ё==KE 485=>2, 1,2- 8 1,4-?@8A>548=5=85. #>;8<5@870F8O A>?@O6ё==KE
485=>2. %?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85 0;:0485=>2.
;:8=K. ><>;>38G5A:89 @O4 0;:8=>2, >1I0O D>@<5=:;0BC@0 8
87><5@8O. 1;5:B@>==>5 8 ?@>AB@0=AB25==>5 AB@>5=85 <>;5:C; 0;:8=>2, sp381@84870F8O 0B><=KE >@18B0;59 C3;5@>40. (878G5A:85 A2>9AB20 0;:8=>2.
)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20: @50:F88 ?@8A>548=5=8O, 48<5@870F88 8 B@8<5@870F88,
>:8A;5=8O. 8A;>B=K5 A2>9AB20 0;:8=>2, 8<5NI8E :>=F52CN B@>9=CN A2O7L.
0G5AB25==K5 @50:F88 =0 B@>9=CN A2O7L. %?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85
0;:8=>2.
@><0B8G5A:85 C3;52>4>@>4K (0@5=K). ><>;>38G5A:89 @O4 0@5=>2,
>1I0O D>@<5=:;0BC@0 8 87><5@8O. 1;5:B@>==>5 8 ?@>AB@0=AB25==>5
AB@>5=85 <>;5:C;K 15=7>;0. (878G5A:85 A2>9AB20 0@5=>2. )8<8G5A:85
A2>9AB20 15=7>;0 8 53> 3><>;>3>2: @50:F88 70<5I5=8O 2 15=7>;L=>< :>;LF5 8
C3;52>4>@>4=>< @048:0;5, @50:F88 ?@8A>548=5=8O, >:8A;5=85 3><>;>3>2
15=7>;0. #@54AB02;5=85 >1 >@85=B8@CNI5< 459AB288 70<5AB8B5;59 2
15=7>;L=>< :>;LF5 =0 ?@8<5@5 0;:8;L=KE @048:0;>2, :0@1>:A8;L=>9,
384@>:A8;L=>9, 0<8=>- 8 =8B@>3@C??K, 0B><>2 30;>35=>2. "A>15==>AB8
E8<8G5A:8E A2>9AB2 AB8@>;0. #>;8<5@870F8O AB8@>;0. %?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8
?@8<5=5=85 0@><0B8G5A:8E C3;52>4>@>4>2.
#@8@>4=K9 307. #>?CB=K5 =5DBO=K5 307K. !5DBL 8 5ё ?@>8AE>645=85.
0<5==K9 C3>;L 8 ?@>4C:BK 53> ?5@5@01>B:8. %?>A>1K ?5@5@01>B:8 =5DB8:

?5@53>=:0, :@5:8=3 (B5@<8G5A:89, :0B0;8B8G5A:89), @8D>@<8=3, ?8@>;87.
#@>4C:BK ?5@5@01>B:8 =5DB8, 8E ?@8<5=5=85 2 ?@>AB8 8 2 1KBC.
5=5B8G5A:0O A2O7L <564C @07;8G=K<8 :;0AA0<8 C3;52>4>@>4>2.
1;5:B@>==>5 AB@>5=85 30;>35=?@>872>4=KE C3;52>4>@>4>2. $50:F88
70<5I5=8O 30;>35=0 =0 384@>:A>3@C??C, =8B@>3@C??C, F80=>3@C??C,
0<8=>3@C??C. 59AB285 =0 30;>35=?@>872>4=K5 2>4=>3> 8 A?8@B>2>3>
@0AB2>@0 Iё;>G8. 708<>459AB285 4830;>35=0;:0=>2 A <03=85< 8 F8=:><.
#>=OB85
>
<5B0;;>>@30=8G5A:8E
A>548=5=8OE.
A?>;L7>20=85
30;>35=?@>872>4=KE C3;52>4>@>4>2 2 1KBC, B5E=8:5 8 ?@8 A8=B575
>@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2.
1:A?5@8<5=B0;L=K5 <5B>4K 87CG5=8O 25I5AB2 8 8E ?@52@0I5=89:
87CG5=85 D878G5A:8E A2>9AB2 C3;52>4>@>4>2 (@0AB2>@8<>ABL), :0G5AB25==KE
@50:F89 C3;52>4>@>4>2 @07;8G=KE :;0AA>2 (>15AF25G820=85 1@><=>9 8;8
8>4=>9 2>4K, @0AB2>@0 ?5@<0=30=0B0 :0;8O, 2708<>459AB285 0F5B8;5=0 A
0<<80G=K< @0AB2>@>< >:A840 A5@51@0(I)), :0G5AB25==>5 >1=0@C65=85
C3;5@>40 8 2>4>@>40 2 >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB20E, ?>;CG5=85 MB8;5=0 8 87CG5=85
53> A2>9AB2, >7=0:><;5=85 A :>;;5:F8O<8 «!5DBL» 8 «'3>;L», A >1@07F0<8
?;0AB<0AA, :0CGC:>2 8 @578=K, <>45;8@>20=85 <>;5:C; C3;52>4>@>4>2 8
30;>35=?@>872>4=KE C3;52>4>@>4>2.
8A;>@>4A>45@60щ85 >@30=8G5A:85 A>548=5=8я.
#@545;L=K5 >4=>0B><=K5 A?8@BK. %B@>5=85 <>;5:C; (=0 ?@8<5@5
<5B0=>;0 8 MB0=>;0). ><>;>38G5A:89 @O4, >1I0O D>@<5@8O,
=><5=:;0BC@0 8 :;0AA8D8:0F8O. (878G5A:85 A2>9AB20 ?@545;L=KE
>4=>0B><=KE A?8@B>2. >4>@>4=K5 A2O78 <564C <>;5:C;0<8 A?8@B>2.
)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20: @50:F88 70<5I5=8O, 45384@0B0F88, >:8A;5=8O,
2708<>459AB285 A >@30=8G5A:8<8 8 =5>@30=8G5A:8<8 :8A;>B0<8.
0G5AB25==0O @50:F8O =0 >4=>0B><=K5 A?8@BK. 59AB285 MB0=>;0 8 <5B0=>;0
=0 >@30=87< G5;>25:0. %?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85 >4=>0B><=KE
A?8@B>2.
#@>ABK5 MD8@K, =><5=:;0BC@0 8 87><5@8O. "A>15==>AB8 D878G5A:8E 8
E8<8G5A:8E A2>9AB2.
=>3>0B><=K5 A?8@BK 3 MB8;5=3;8:>;L 8 3;8F5@8=. (878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20: @50:F88 70<5I5=8O, 2708<>459AB285 A >@30=8G5A:8<8 8
=5>@30=8G5A:8<8 :8A;>B0<8, :0G5AB25==0O @50:F8O =0 <=>3>0B><=K5 A?8@BK.
#@54AB02;5=85 > <5E0=87<5 @50:F89 =C:;5>D8;L=>3> 70<5I5=8O. 59AB285 =0
>@30=87< G5;>25:0. %?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85 <=>3>0B><=KE A?8@B>2.
(5=>;. %B@>5=85 <>;5:C;K, 2708<=>5 2;8O=85 384@>:A>3@C??K 8
15=7>;L=>3> O4@0. (878G5A:85 A2>9AB20 D5=>;0. "A>15==>AB8 E8<8G5A:8E

A2>9AB2 D5=>;0. 0G5AB25==K5 @50:F88 =0 D5=>;. &>:A8G=>ABL D5=>;0.
%?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85 D5=>;0. (5=>;D>@<0;L45384=0O A<>;0.
0@1>=8;L=K5 A>548=5=8O 3 0;L45384K 8 :5B>=K. 1;5:B@>==>5 AB@>5=85
:0@1>=8;L=>9 3@C??K. ><>;>38G5A:85 @O4K 0;L45384>2 8 :5B>=>2, >1I0O
D>@<5@8O 8 =><5=:;0BC@0. (878G5A:85 A2>9AB20 0;L45384>2 8
:5B>=>2. )8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 0;L45384>2 8 :5B>=>2: @50:F88 ?@8A>548=5=8O.
":8A;5=85 0;L45384>2, :0G5AB25==K5 @50:F88 =0 0;L45384K. %?>A>1K
?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85 0;L45384>2 8 :5B>=>2.
"4=>>A=>2=K5 ?@545;L=K5 :0@1>=>2K5 :8A;>BK. "A>15==>AB8 AB@>5=8O
<>;5:C; :0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B. 7><5@8O 8 =><5=:;0BC@0. (878G5A:85 A2>9AB20
>4=>>A=>2=KE ?@545;L=KE :0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B. >4>@>4=K5 A2O78 <564C
<>;5:C;0<8 :0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B. )8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20: :8A;>B=K5 A2>9AB20,
@50:F8O MB5@8D8:0F88, @50:F88 A CG0AB85< C3;52>4>@>4=>3> @048:0;0.
"A>15==>AB8 A2>9AB2 9 :8A;>BK. #>=OB85 > ?@>872>4=KE
:0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B 3 A;>6=KE MD8@0E. =>3>>1@0785 :0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B.
"A>15==>AB8 A2>9AB2 =5?@545;L=KE 8 0@><0B8G5A:8E :0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B,
48:0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B, 384@>:A8:0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B. #@54AB028B5;8 2KAH8E
:0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B: AB50@8=>20O, ?0;L<8B8=>20O, >;58=>20O, ?иAB?евая,
?иAB?еABвая :8A;>BK. %?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85 :0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B.
%;>6=K5 MD8@K. ><>;>38G5A:89 @O4, >1I0O D>@<5@8O 8
=><5=:;0BC@0. (878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20: 384@>;87 2 :8A;>9 8
I5;>G=>9 A@545.
8@K. %B@>5=85, D878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 68@>2: 384@>;87 2
:8A;>9 8 I5;>G=>9 A@545. "A>15==>AB8 A2>9AB2 68@>2, A>45@60I8E >AB0B:8
=5?@545;L=KE 68@=KE :8A;>B. 8@K 2 ?@8@>45.
K;0́ :0: A>;8 2KAH8E :0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B, 8E <>NI55 459AB285.
"1I0O E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 C3;52>4>2. ;0AA8D8:0F8O C3;52>4>2 (<>=>-, 488 ?>;8A0E0@84K).
>=>A0E0@84K: 3;N:>70, D@C:B>70, 30;0:B>70, @81>70,
457>:A8@81>70. (878G5A:85 A2>9AB20 8 =0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45. (>B>A8=B57.
)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 3;N:>7K: @50:F88 A CG0AB85< A?8@B>2KE 8 0;L45384=>9
3@C??, A?8@B>2>5 8 <>;>G=>:8A;>5 1@>65=85. #@8<5=5=85 3;N:>7K, 5ё
7=0G5=85 2 687=545OB5;L=>AB8 >@30=87<0. 8A0E0@84K: A0E0@>70, <0;LB>70 8
;0:B>70. >AAB0=02;820NI85 8 =52>AAB0=02;820NI85 48A0E0@84K. 84@>;87
48A0E0@84>2. !0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45 8 ?@8<5=5=85. #>;8A0E0@84K: :@0E<0;,
3;8:>35= 8 F5;;N;>70. %B@>5=85 <0:@><>;5:C; :@0E<0;0, 3;8:>35=0 8
F5;;N;>7K. (878G5A:85 A2>9AB20 :@0E<0;0 8 F5;;N;>7K. )8<8G5A:85
A2>9AB20 :@0E<0;0: 384@>;87, :0G5AB25==0O @50:F8O A 8>4><. )8<8G5A:85
A2>9AB20 F5;;N;>7K: 384@>;87, ?>;CG5=85 MD8@>2 F5;;N;>7K. #>=OB85 >1
8A:CAAB25==KE 2>;>:=0E (28A:>70, 0F5B0B=K9 Hё;:).

1:A?5@8<5=B0;L=K5 <5B>4K 87CG5=8O 25I5AB2 8 8E ?@52@0I5=89:
@0AB2>@8<>ABL @07;8G=KE A?8@B>2 2 2>45, 2708<>459AB285 MB0=>;0 A =0B@85<,
>:8A;5=85 MB8;>2>3> A?8@B0 2 0;L45384 =0 @0A:0;ё==>9 <54=>9 ?@>2>;>:5,
>:8A;5=85 MB8;>2>3> A?8@B0 48E@><0B>< :0;8O (2>7<>6=> 8A?>;L7>20=85
2845><0B5@80;>2), :0G5AB25==K5 @50:F88 =0 0;L45384K (A 384@>:A84><
480<<8=A5@51@0(I) 8 384@>:A84>< <548(II)), @50:F8O 3;8F5@8=0 A 384@>:A84><
<548(II), E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 @0AB2>@0 C:ACA=>9 :8A;>BK, 2708<>459AB285
@0AB2>@0 3;N:>7K A 384@>:A84>< <548(II), 2708<>459AB285 :@0E<0;0 A 8>4><,
@5H5=85 M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<0< «%?8@BK 8 D5=>;K»,
«0@1>=>2K5 :8A;>BK. %;>6=K5 MD8@K».
7>BA>45@60щ85 >@30=8G5A:85 A>548=5=8я.
<8=K 3 >@30=8G5A:85 ?@>872>4=K5 0<<80:0. ;0AA8D8:0F8O 0<8=>2:
0;8D0B8G5A:85 8 0@><0B8G5A:85; ?5@28G=K5, 2B>@8G=K5 8 B@5B8G=K5.
%B@>5=85 <>;5:C;, >1I0O D>@<5@8O, =><5=:;0BC@0 8 D878G5A:85
A2>9AB20. )8<8G5A:>5 A2>9AB20 0;8D0B8G5A:8E 0<8=>2: >A=>2=K5 A2>9AB20,
0;:8;8@>20=85, 2708<>459AB285 ?5@28G=KE 0<8=>2 A 07>B8AB>9 :8A;>B>9.
%>;8 0;:8;0<<>=8O.
=8;8= 3 ?@54AB028B5;L 0<8=>2 0@><0B8G5A:>3> @O40. %B@>5=85 0=8;8=0.
708<=>5 2;8O=85 3@C?? 0B><>2 2 <>;5:C;5 0=8;8=0. "A>15==>AB8
E8<8G5A:8E A2>9AB2 0=8;8=0. 0G5AB25==K5 @50:F88 =0 0=8;8=. %?>A>1K
?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85 0;8D0B8G5A:8E 0<8=>2. #>;CG5=85 0=8;8=0 87
=8B@>15=7>;0.
<8=>:8A;>BK. !><5=:;0BC@0 8 87><5@8O. "B45;L=K5 ?@54AB028B5;8 α0<8=>:8A;>B: 3;8F8=, 0;0=8=. (878G5A:85 A2>9AB20 0<8=>:8A;>B.
)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 0<8=>:8A;>B :0: 0B5@=KE >@30=8G5A:8E
A>548=5=89, @50:F8O ?>;8:>=45=A0F88, >1@07>20=85 ?5?B84=>9 A2O78.
8>;>38G5A:>5 7=0G5=85 0<8=>:8A;>B. %8=B57 8 384@>;87 ?5?B84>2.
5;:8 :0: ?@8@>4=K5 ?>;8<5@K. #5@28G=0O, 2B>@8G=0O 8 B@5B8G=0O
AB@C:BC@0 15;:>2. )8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 15;:>2: 384@>;87, 45=0BC@0F8O,
:0G5AB25==K5 @50:F88 =0 15;:8.
1:A?5@8<5=B0;L=K5 <5B>4K 87CG5=8O 25I5AB2 8 8E ?@52@0I5=89:
@0AB2>@5=85 15;:>2 2 2>45, 45=0BC@0F8O 15;:>2 ?@8 =03@520=88, F25B=K5
@50:F88 =0 15;:8, @5H5=85 M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<0<
«7>BA>45@60I85 >@30=8G5A:85 A>548=5=8O» 8 «$0A?>7=020=85 >@30=8G5A:8E
A>548=5=89».
OA>:><>;5:C;я@=O5 A>548=5=8я.
"A=>2=K5 ?>=OB8O E8<88 2KA>:><>;5:C;O@=KE A>548=5=89: <>=><5@,
?>;8<5@, AB@C:BC@=>5 725=>, AB5?5=L ?>;8<5@870F88, A@54=OO <>;5:C;O@=0O

<0AA0. "A=>2=K5 <5B>4K A8=B570 2KA>:><>;5:C;O@=KE A>548=5=89 3
?>;8<5@870F8O 8 ?>;8:>=45=A0F8O.
#>;8<5@=K5 <0B5@80;K. #;0AB<0AAK (?>;8MB8;5=, ?>;8?@>?8;5=,
?>;828=8;E;>@84, ?>;8AB8@>;, ?>;8<5B8;<5B0:@8;0B, ?>;8:0@1>=0BK,
?>;8MB8;5=B5@5DB0;0B). 'B8;870F8O 8 ?5@5@01>B:0 ?;0AB8:0.
1;0AB><5@K:
=0BC@0;L=K9
:0CGC:,
A8=B5B8G5A:85
:0CGC:8
(1CB0485=>2K9, E;>@>?@5=>2K9, 87>?@5=>2K9) 8 A8;8:>=K. $578=0.
>;>:=0: =0BC@0;L=K5 (E;>?>:, H5@ABL, Hё;:), 8A:CAAB25==K5 (28A:>70,
0F5B0B=>5 2>;>:=>), A8=B5B8G5A:85 (:0?@>= 8 ;02A0=).
#>;8<5@K
A?5F80;L=>3>
=07=0G5=8O
(B5D;>=,
:52;0@,
M;5:B@>?@>2>4OI85 ?>;8<5@K, 18>@07;0305;8<5@K).
1:A?5@8<5=B0;L=K5 <5B>4K 87CG5=8O 25I5AB2 8 8E ?@52@0I5=89:
>7=0:><;5=85 A >1@07F0<8 ?@8@>4=KE 8 8A:CAAB25==KE 2>;>:>=, ?;0AB<0AA,
:0CGC:>2, @5H5=85 M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<5 «$0A?>7=020=85
?;0AB<0AA 8 2>;>:>=».
$0AGёB=K5 7040G8.
!0E>645=85 <>;5:C;O@=>9 D>@@30=8G5A:>3> A>548=5=8O ?>
<0AA>2K< 4>;O< M;5<5=B>2, 2E>4OI8E 2 53> A>AB02, =0E>645=85 <>;5:C;O@=>9
D>@@30=8G5A:>3> A>548=5=8O ?> <0AA5 (>1Jё4C:B>2 A3>@0=8O, ?>
:>;8G5AB2C 25I5AB20 (<0AA5, >1Jё4C:B>2 @50:F88 8/8;8 8AE>4=KE
25I5AB2, CAB0=>2;5=85 AB@C:BC@=>9 D>@@30=8G5A:>3> 25I5AB20 =0
>A=>25 53> E8<8G5A:8E A2>9AB2 8;8 A?>A>1>2 ?>;CG5=8O, >?@545;5=85 4>;8
2KE>40 ?@>4C:B0 @50:F88 >B B5>@5B8G5A:8 2>7<>6=>3>.
56?@54<5B=K5 A2O78.
$50;870F8O <56?@54<5B=KE A2O759 ?@8 87CG5=88 >@30=8G5A:>9 E8<88 2
10 :;0AA5 >ACI5AB2;O5BAO G5@57 8A?>;L7>20=85 :0: >1I8E 5AB5AB25==>=0CG=KE ?>=OB89, B0: 8 ?>=OB89, ?@8=OBKE 2 >B45;L=KE ?@54<5B0E
5AB5AB25==>-=0CG=>3> F8:;0.
"1I85 5AB5AB25==>-=0CG=K5 ?>=OB8O: O2;5=85, =0CG=K9 D0:B, 38?>B570,
B5>@8O, 70:>=, 0=0;87, A8=B57, :;0AA8D8:0F8O, =01;N45=85, 87<5@5=85,
M:A?5@8<5=B, <>45;L, <>45;8@>20=85.
(878:0: <0B5@8O, 0B><, M;5:B@>=, ?@>B>=, =59B@>=, <>;5:C;0,
M=5@35B8G5A:89 C@>25=L, 25I5AB2>, B5;>, >1Jё<, 03@530B=>5 A>AB>O=85
25I5AB20, D878G5A:85 25;8G8=K, 548=8FK 87<5@5=8O, A:>@>ABL, M=5@38O,
<0AA0.
8>;>38O: :;5B:0, >@30=87<, M:>A8AB5<0, 18>AD5@0, <5B01>;87<,
=0A;54AB25==>ABL, 02B>B@>D=K9 8 35B5@>B@>D=K9 B8? ?8B0=8O, 1@>65=85,
D>B>A8=B57, 4KE0=85, 15;:8, C3;52>4K, 68@K, =C:;58=>2K5 :8A;>BK,
D5@<5=BK.

5>3@0D8O: ?>;57=K5 8A:>?05?;82>.
&5E=>;>38O: ?8I52K5 ?@>4C:BK, >A=>2K @0F8>=0;L=>3> ?8B0=8O,
<>NI85 A@54AB20, <0B5@80;K 87 8A:CAAB25==KE 8 A8=B5B8G5A:8E 2>;>:>=.
11 %%
"Щ/  !"$!+%/ ) /
&5>@5B8G5A:85 >A=>2O E8<88.
B><. %>AB02 0B><=KE O45@. )8<8G5A:89 M;5<5=B. 7>B>?K. %B@>5=85
M;5:B@>==KE >1>;>G5: 0B><>2, :20=B>2K5 G8A;0. 1=5@35B8G5A:85 C@>2=8 8
?>4C@>2=8. B><=K5 >@18B0;8. ;0AA8D8:0F8O E8<8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2 (s-, p-,
d-, f-M;5<5=BK). $0A?@545;5=85 M;5:B@>=>2 ?> 0B><=K< >@18B0;O<.
1;5:B@>==K5 :>=D83C@0F88 0B><>2 M;5<5=B>2 ?5@2>3>3G5B2ё@B>3> ?5@8>4>2
2 >A=>2=>< 8 2>71C64ё==>< A>AB>O=88, M;5:B@>==K5 :>=D83C@0F88 8>=>2.
1;5:B@>>B@8F0B5;L=>ABL.
#5@8>48G5A:89 70:>= 8 #5@8>48G5A:0O A8AB5<0 E8<8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2
.. 5=45;5520. %2O7L ?5@8>48G5A:>3> 70:>=0 8 #5@8>48G5A:>9 A8AB52 A A>2@5<5==>9 B5>@859 AB@>5=8O 0B><>2.
0:>=><5@=>AB8 87<5=5=8O A2>9AB2 E8<8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2 8 >1@07C5ABKE 8 A;>6=KE 25I5AB2 ?> 3@C??0< 8 ?5@8>40<. =0G5=85 ?5@8>48G5A:>3>
70:>=0 .. 5=45;5520.
)8<8G5A:0O A2O7L. 84K E8<8G5A:>9 A2O78: :>20;5=B=0O, 8>==0O,
<5B0;;8G5A:0O. 5E0=871@07>20=8O :>20;5=B=>9 A2O78: >1<5==K9 8
4>=>@=>-0:F5?B>@=K9. 1=5@38O 8 4;8=0 A2O78. #>;O@=>ABL, =0?@02;5==>ABL 8
=0AKI05<>ABL :>20;5=B=>9 A2O78. @0B=K5 A2O78. >4>@>4=0O A2O7L.
56<>;5:C;O@=K5 2708<>459AB28O.
0;5=B=>ABL 8 20;5=B=K5 2>7<>6=>AB8 0B><>2. %2O7L M;5:B@>==>9
AB@C:BC@K <>;5:C; A 8E 35><5B@8G5A:8< AB@>5=85< (=0 ?@8<5@5 A>548=5=89
M;5<5=B>2 2B>@>3> ?5@8>40).
#@54AB02;5=85 > :>548=5=8OE. %>AB02 :>3> 8>=0:
:>>1@07>20B5;L, ;830=4K. =0G5=85 :>548=5=89.
#>=OB85 > :>>@48=0F8>==>9 E8<88.
5I5AB20 <>;5:C;O@=>3> 8 =5<>;5:C;O@=>3> AB@>5=8O. &8?K
:@8AB0;;8G5A:8E @5HёB>: (AB@C:BC@) 8 A2>9AB20 25I5AB2.
#>=OB85 > 48A?5@A=KE A8AB5<0E. AB8==K5 @0AB2>@K. #@54AB02;5=85 >
:>;;>84=KE @0AB2>@0E. %?>A>1K 2K@065=8O :>=F5=B@0F88 @0AB2>@>2:
<0AA>20O 4>;O 25I5AB20 2 @0AB2>@5, <>;O@=0O :>=F5=B@0F8O. !0AKI5==K5 8
=5=0AKI5==K5 @0AB2>@K, @0AB2>@8<>ABL. @8AB0;;>384@0BK.
;0AA8D8:0F8O 8 =><5=:;0BC@0 =5>@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2. &@8280;L=K5
=0720=8O >B45;L=KE ?@54AB028B5;59 =5>@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2.

;0AA8D8:0F8O E8<8G5A:8E @50:F89 2 =5>@30=8G5A:>9 8 >@30=8G5A:>9
E8<88. 0:>= A>E@0=5=8O <0AAK 25I5AB2; 70:>= A>E@0=5=8O 8 ?@52@0I5=8O
M=5@388 ?@8 E8<8G5A:8E @50:F8OE. &5?;>2K5 MDD5:BK E8<8G5A:8E @50:F89.
&5@<>E8<8G5A:85 C@02=5=8O.
%:>@>ABL E8<8G5A:>9 @50:F88, 5ё 7028A8<>ABL >B @07;8G=KE D0:B>@>2.
><>35==K5 8 35B5@>35==K5 @50:F88. 0B0;87 8 :0B0;870B>@K.
"1@0B81@0B85 @02=>25A85. >=AB0=B0
E8<8G5A:>3> @02=>25A8O. (0:B>@K, 2;8ONI85 =0 ?>;>65=85 E8<8G5A:>3>
@02=>25A8O: B5=F5=B@0F88 25I5AB2, CG0AB2CNI8E 2
@50:F88. #@8=F8? 5 ,0B5;L5.
1;5:B@>;8B8G5A:0O 48AA>F80F8O. %8;L=K5 8 A;01K5 M;5:B@>;8BK.
%B5?5=L 48AA>F80F88. %@540 2>4=KE @0AB2>@>2: :8A;>B=0O, =59B@0;L=0O,
I5;>G=0O. >4>@>4=K9 ?>:070B5;L (pH) @0AB2>@0. 84@>;87 A>;59. $50:F88
8>==>3> >1<5=0.
":8A;8B5;L=>-2>AAB0=>28B5;L=K5
@50:F88.
%B5?5=L
>:8A;5=8O.
":8A;8B5;L 8 2>AAB0=>28B5;L. #@>F5AAK >:8A;5=8O 8 2>AAB0=>2;5=8O.
06=59H85 >:8A;8B5;8 8 2>AAB0=>28B5;8.
5B>4 M;5:B@>==>3> 10;0=A0.
1;5:B@>;87 @0AB2>@>2 8 @0A?;02>2 25I5AB2.
1:A?5@8<5=B0;L=K5 <5B>4K 87CG5=8O 25I5AB2 8 8E ?@52@0I5=89:
@07;>65=85 ?5@>:A840 2>4>@>40 2 ?@8ACBAB288 :0B0;870B>@0, <>45;8
:@8AB0;;8G5A:8E @5HёB>:, ?@>2545=85 @50:F89 8>==>3> >1<5=0, >?@545;5=85
A@54K @0AB2>@>2 A ?><>ILN 8=48:0B>@>2, 87CG5=85 2;8O=8O @07;8G=KE
D0:B>@>2 =0 A:>@>ABL E8<8G5A:>9 @50:F88 8 ?>;>65=85 E8<8G5A:>3>
@02=>25A8O.
!5>@30=8G5A:0я E8<8я.
#>;>65=85 =5<5B0;;>2 2 #5@8>48G5A:>9 A8AB5<5 E8<8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2
.. 5=45;5520 8 >A>15==>AB8 AB@>5=8O 8E 0B><>2. (878G5A:85 A2>9AB20
=5<5B0;;>2. ;;>B@>?8O =5<5B0;;>2 (=0 ?@8<5@5 :8A;>@>40, A5@K, D>AD>@0 8
C3;5@>40).
>4>@>4. #>;CG5=85, D878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20: @50:F88 A
<5B0;;0<8 8 =5<5B0;;0<8, 2>AAB0=>28B5;L=K5 A2>9AB20. 84@84K. &>?;82=K5
M;5<5=BK.
0;>35=K. !0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45, A?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O, D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20. 0;>35=>2>4>@>4K. 06=59H85 :8A;>@>4A>45@60I85
A>548=5=8O 30;>35=>2. 01>@0B>@=K5 8 ?@>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O
30;>35=>2. #@8<5=5=85 30;>35=>2 8 8E A>548=5=89.
8A;>@>4, >7>=. 01>@0B>@=K5 8 ?@>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O
:8A;>@>40. (878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 8 ?@8<5=5=85 :8A;>@>40 8
>7>=0. ":A84K 8 ?5@>:A84K.

%5@0. !0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45, A?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O, D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20. %5@>2>4>@>4, AC;LD84K. ":A84 A5@K(IV), >:A84
A5@K(VI). %5@=8AB0O 8 A5@=0O :8A;>BK 8 8E A>;8. "A>15==>AB8 A2>9AB2 A5@=>9
:8A;>BK. #@8<5=5=85 A5@K 8 5ё A>548=5=89.
7>B. !0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45, A?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O, D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20. <<80:, =8B@84K. ":A84K 07>B0. 7>B8AB0O 8 07>B=0O
:8A;>BK 8 8E A>;8. "A>15==>AB8 A2>9AB2 07>B=>9 :8A;>BK. #@8<5=5=85 07>B0
8 53> A>548=5=89. 7>B=K5 C4>1@5=8O.
(>AD>@. !0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45, A?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O, D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20. (>AD84K 8 D>AD8=. ":A84K D>AD>@0, D>AD>@=0O
:8A;>B0 8 5ё A>;8. #@8<5=5=85 D>AD>@0 8 53> A>548=5=89. (>AD>@=K5
C4>1@5=8O.
'3;5@>4, =0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45. ;;>B@>?=K5 <>48D8:0F88.
(878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 ?@>ABKE 25I5AB2, >1@07>20==KE
C3;5@>4><. ":A84 C3;5@>40(II), >:A84 C3;5@>40(IV), C3>;L=0O :8A;>B0 8 5ё
A>;8. :B828@>20==K9 C3>;L, 04A>@1F8O. (C;;5@5=K, 3@0D5=, C3;5@>4=K5
=0=>B@C1:8. #@8<5=5=85 ?@>ABKE 25I5AB2, >1@07>20==KE C3;5@>4><, 8 53>
A>548=5=89.
@5<=89. !0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45, A?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O, D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20. ":A84 :@5<=8O(IV), :@5<=8520O :8A;>B0, A8;8:0BK.
#@8<5=5=85 :@5<=8O 8 53> A>548=5=89. %B5:;>, 53> ?>;CG5=85, 284K AB5:;0.
#>;>65=85 <5B0;;>2 2 #5@8>48G5A:>9 A8AB5<5 E8<8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2.
"A>15==>AB8 AB@>5=8O M;5:B@>==KE >1>;>G5: 0B><>2 <5B0;;>2. "1I85
D878G5A:85 A2>9AB20 <5B0;;>2. #@8<5=5=85 <5B0;;>2 2 1KBC 8 B5E=8:5.
%?;02K <5B0;;>2.
1;5:B@>E8<8G5A:89 @O4 =0?@O65=89 <5B0;;>2. "1I85 A?>A>1K
?>;CG5=8O
<5B0;;>2:
384@><5B0;;C@38O,
?8@><5B0;;C@38O,
M;5:B@><5B0;;C@38O. #>=OB85 > :>@@>788 <5B0;;>2. %?>A>1K 70I8BK >B
:>@@>788.
"1I0O E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 <5B0;;>2 IA-3@C??K #5@8>48G5A:>9 A8AB52. !0B@89 8 :0;89: ?>;CG5=85, D878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85
A2>9AB20, ?@8<5=5=85 ?@>ABKE 25I5AB2 8 8E A>548=5=89.
"1I0O E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 <5B0;;>2 IIA-3@C??K #5@8>48G5A:>9 A8AB52.
03=89 8 :0;LF89: ?>;CG5=85, D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20, ?@8<5=5=85 ?@>ABKE 25I5AB2 8 8E A>548=5=89.
ёAB:>ABL 2>4K 8 A?>A>1K 5ё CAB@0=5=8O.
;N<8=89: ?>;CG5=85, D878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20, ?@8<5=5=85
?@>AB>3> 25I5AB20 8 53> A>548=5=89. B5@=K5 A2>9AB20 >:A840 8
384@>:A840 0;N<8=8O, 384@>:A>:>2 ?>1>G=KE ?>43@C?? (-3@C??)
#5@8>48G5A:>9 A8AB52.
(878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 E@><0 8 53> A>548=5=89. ":A84K 8
384@>:A84K E@><0(II), E@><0(III) 8 E@><0(VI). )@><0BK 8 48E@><0BK, 8E
>:8A;8B5;L=K5 A2>9AB20. #>;CG5=85 8 ?@8<5=5=85 E@><0.
(878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 <0@30=F0 8 53> A>548=5=89.
06=59H85 A>548=5=8O <0@30=F0(II), <0@30=F0(IV), <0@30=F0(VI) 8
<0@30=F0(VII). #5@<0=30=0B :0;8O, 53> >:8A;8B5;L=K5 A2>9AB20.
(878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 65;570 8 53> A>548=5=89. ":A84K,
384@>:A84K 8 A>;8 65;570(II) 8 65;570(III). #>;CG5=85 8 ?@8<5=5=85 65;570 8
53> A?;02>2.
(878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 <548 8 5ё A>548=5=89. #>;CG5=85 8
?@8<5=5=85 <548 8 5ё A>548=5=89.
*8=:: ?>;CG5=85, D878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20. B5@=K5
A2>9AB20 >:A840 8 384@>:A840 F8=:0, 384@>:A>:> A>548=5=89.
1:A?5@8<5=B0;L=K5 <5B>4K 87CG5=8O 25I5AB2 8 8E ?@52@0I5=89:
87CG5=85 >1@07F>2 =5<5B0;;>2, 3>@5=85 A5@K, D>AD>@0, 65;570, <03=8O 2
:8A;>@>45, 87CG5=85 :>;;5:F88 « 5B0;;K 8 A?;02K», 2708<>459AB285
I5;>G=KE 8 I5;>G=>75<5;L=KE <5B0;;>2 A 2>4>9 (2>7<>6=> 8A?>;L7>20=85
2845><0B5@80;>2), 2708<>459AB285 F8=:0 8 65;570 A @0AB2>@0<8 :8A;>B 8
I5;>G59, :0G5AB25==K5 @50:F88 =0 =5>@30=8G5A:85 0=8>=K, :0B8>= 2>4>@>40
8 :0B8>=K <5B0;;>2, 2708<>459AB285 384@>:A84>2 0;N<8=8O 8 F8=:0 A
@0AB2>@0<8 :8A;>B 8 I5;>G59, @5H5=85 M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<0<
«0;>35=K», «%5@0 8 5ё A>548=5=8O», «7>B 8 D>AD>@ 8 8E A>548=5=8O»,
« 5B0;;K 3;02=KE ?>43@C??», « 5B0;;K ?>1>G=KE ?>43@C??».
)8<8я 8 687=P.
$>;L E8<88 2 >15A?5G5=88 CAB>9G82>3> @0728B8O G5;>25G5AB20. #>=OB85
> =0CG=KE <5B>40E ?>7=0=8O 8 <5B>4>;>388 =0CG=>3> 8AA;54>20=8O. !0CG=K5
?@8=F8?K >@30=870F88 E8<8G5A:>3> ?@>872>4AB20. #@>A>1K
?>;CG5=8O 206=59H8E 25I5AB2 (=0 ?@8<5@5 ?@>872>4AB20 0<<80:0, A5@=>9
:8A;>BK, <5B0=>;0). #@>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O <5B0;;>2 8 A?;02>2.
)8<8G5A:>5 703@O7=5=85 >:@C60NI59 A@54K 8 53> ?>A;54AB28O. $>;L E8<88 2
>15A?5G5=88 M=5@35B8G5A:>9 157>?0A=>AB8.
)8<8O 8 74>@>2L5 G5;>25:0. 5:0@AB25==K5 A@54AB20. #@028;0
8A?>;L7>20=8O ;5:0@AB25==KE ?@5?0@0B>2. $>;L E8<88 2 @0728B88 <548F8=K.
)8<8O ?8I8: >A=>2=K5 :>=5=BK, ?8I52K5 4>102:8. $>;L E8<88 2
>15A?5G5=88 ?8I52>9 157>?0A=>AB8.

>A<5B8G5A:85 8 ?0@DN<5@=K5 A@54AB20. KB>20O E8<8O. #@028;0
157>?0A=>3> 8A?>;L7>20=8O ?@5?0@0B>2 1KB>2>9 E8<88 2 ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8.
)8<8O 2 AB@>8B5;LAB25: 206=59H85 AB@>8B5;L=K5 <0B5@80;K (F5<5=B,
15B>=).
)8<8O 2 A5;LA:>< E>7O9AB25. "@30=8G5A:85 8 <8=5@0;L=K5 C4>1@5=8O.
%>2@5<5==K5 :>=AB@C:F8>==K5 <0B5@80;K, :@0A:8, AB5:;>, :5@0<8:0.
0B5@80;K 4;O M;5:B@>=8:8. !0=>B5E=>;>388.
$0AGёB=K5 7040G8.
$0AGёBK: <0AAK 25I5AB20 8;8 >1Jё<0 307>2 ?> 8725AB=>;8G5AB2C
25I5AB20, <0AA5 8;8 >1Jё4=>3> 87 CG0AB2CNI8E 2 @50:F88 25I5AB2, <0AAK
(>1Jё<0, :>;8G5AB20 25I5AB20) ?@>4C:B>2 @50:F88, 5A;8 >4=> 87 25I5AB2 8<55B
?@8<5A8, <0AAK (>1Jё<0, :>;8G5AB20 25I5AB20) ?@>4C:B0 @50:F88, 5A;8 >4=>
87 25I5AB2 40=> 2 2845 @0AB2>@0 A >?@545;ё==>9 <0AA>2>9 4>;59
@0AB2>@ё==>3> 25I5AB20, <0AA>2>9 4>;8 8 <>;O@=>9 :>=F5=B@0F88 25I5AB20 2
@0AB2>@5, 4>;8 2KE>40 ?@>4C:B0 @50:F88 >B B5>@5B8G5A:8 2>7<>6=>3>.
56?@54<5B=K5 A2O78.
$50;870F8O <56?@54<5B=KE A2O759 ?@8 87CG5=88 >1I59 8
=5>@30=8G5A:>9 E8<88 2 11 :;0AA5 >ACI5AB2;O5BAO G5@57 8A?>;L7>20=85 :0:
>1I8E 5AB5AB25==>-=0CG=KE ?>=OB89, B0: 8 ?>=OB89, ?@8=OBKE 2 >B45;L=KE
?@54<5B0E 5AB5AB25==>-=0CG=>3> F8:;0.
"1I85 5AB5AB25==>-=0CG=K5 ?>=OB8O: O2;5=85, =0CG=K9 D0:B, 38?>B570,
B5>@8O, 70:>=, 0=0;87, A8=B57, :;0AA8D8:0F8O, ?5@8>48G=>ABL, =01;N45=85,
87<5@5=85, M:A?5@8<5=B, <>45;L, <>45;8@>20=85.
(878:0: <0B5@8O, <8:@><8@, <0:@><8@, 0B><, M;5:B@>=, ?@>B>=, =59B@>=,
8>=, 87>B>?K, @048>0:B82=>ABL, <>;5:C;0, M=5@35B8G5A:89 C@>25=L, 25I5AB2>,
B5;>, >1Jё<, 03@530B=>5 A>AB>O=85 25I5AB20, 8450;L=K9 307, D878G5A:85
25;8G8=K, 548=8FK 87<5@5=8O, A:>@>ABL, M=5@38O, <0AA0.
8>;>38O: :;5B:0, >@30=87<, M:>A8AB5<0, 18>AD5@0, <5B01>;87<, <0:@>- 8
<8:@>M;5<5=BK, 15;:8, 68@K, C3;52>4K, =C:;58=>2K5 :8A;>BK, D5@<5=BK,
3>@<>=K, :@C3>2>@>B 25I5AB2 8 ?>B>: M=5@388 2 M:>A8AB5<0E.
5>3@0D8O: <8=5@0;K, 3>@=K5 ?>@>4K, ?>;57=K5 8A:>?05?;82>,
@5AC@AK.
&5E=>;>38O: E8<8G5A:0O ?@>ABL, <5B0;;C@38O, AB@>8B5;L=K5
<0B5@80;K, A5;LA:>E>7O9AB25==>5 ?@>872>4AB2>, ?8I520O ?@>ABL,
D0@<0F52B8G5A:0O
?@>ABL,
?@>872>4AB2>
:>A<5B8G5A:8E
?@5?0@0B>2, ?@>872>4AB2> :>=AB@C:F8>==KE <0B5@80;>2, M;5:B@>==0O
?@>ABL, =0=>B5E=>;>388.

#!$' / $'0&&/ "%"!/ #$"$
/ #" (
! '$"! ''!!"
'$"! %$!" "-"
"$"!/
+!"%&!/ $'0&&/
 A>>B25BAB288 A A8AB5<=>-45OB5;L=>AB=K< ?>4E>4>< 2 AB@C:BC@5
;8G=>AB=KE @57C;LB0B>2 >A2>5=8O ?@54<5B0 «)8<8O» =0 C@>2=5 A@54=53>
>1I53> >1@07>20=8O 2K45;5=K A;54CNI85 A>AB02;ONI85: >A>7=0=85
>1CG0NI8<8AO @>AA89A:>9 3@0640=A:>9 845=B8G=>AB8; 3>B>2=>ABL :
A0<>@0728B8N, A0<>AB>OB5;L=>AB8 8 A0<>>?@545;5=8N; =0;8G85 <>B820F88 :
>1CG5=8N; 3>B>2=>ABL 8 A?>A>1=>ABL >1CG0NI8EAO @C:>2>4AB2>20BLAO
?@8=OBK<8 2 >1I5AB25 ?@028;0<8 8 =>@<0<8 ?>2545=8O; =0;8G85
?@02>A>7=0=8O, M:>;>38G5A:>9 :C;LBC@K; A?>A>1=>ABL AB028BL F5;8 8 AB@>8BL
687=5==K5 ?;0=K.
8G=>AB=K5 @57C;LB0BK >A2>5=8O ?@54<5B0 «)8<8O» >B@060NB
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL >?KB0 ?>7=020B5;L=>9 8 ?@0:B8G5A:>9 45OB5;L=>AB8
>1CG0NI8EAO 2 ?@>F5AA5 @50;870F88 >1@07>20B5;L=>9 45OB5;L=>AB8.
8G=>AB=K5 @57C;LB0BK >A2>5=8O ?@54<5B0 «)8<8O» >B@060NB
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL >?KB0 ?>7=020B5;L=>9 8 ?@0:B8G5A:>9 45OB5;L=>AB8
>1CG0NI8EAO 2 ?@>F5AA5 @50;870F88 >1@07>20B5;L=>9 45OB5;L=>AB8, 2 B><
G8A;5 2 G0AB8:
1) 3@0640=A:>3> 2>A?8B0=8я:
>A>7=0=8O >1CG0NI8<8AO A2>8E :>=AB8BCF8>==KE ?@02 8 >1O70==>AB59,
C2065=8O : 70:>=C 8 ?@02>?>@O4:C;
?@54AB02;5=8O > A>F80;L=KE =>@<0E 8 ?@028;0E <56;8G=>AB=KE
>B=>H5=89 2 :>;;5:B825;
3>B>2=>AB8 : A>2<5AB=>9 B2>@G5A:>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 ?@8 A>740=88 CG51=KE
?@>5:B>2, @5H5=88 CG51=KE 8 ?>7=020B5;L=KE 7040G, 2K?>;=5=88 E8<8G5A:8E
M:A?5@8<5=B>2;
A?>A>1=>AB8 ?>=8<0BL 8 ?@8=8<0BL <>B82K, =0<5@5=8O, ;>38:C 8
0@3C<5=BK 4@C38E ?@8 0=0;875 @07;8G=KE 284>2 CG51=>9 45OB5;L=>AB8;
2) ?0B@8>B8G5A:>3> 2>A?8B0=8я:
F5==>AB=>3> >B=>H5=8O : 8AB>@8G5A:>B5G5AB25==>9 E8<88;
C2065=8O : ?@>F5AAC B2>@G5AB20 2 >1;0AB8 B5>@88 8 ?@0:B8G5A:>3>
?@8;>65=8O E8<88, >A>7=0=8O B>3>, GB> 40==K5 =0C:8 5ABL @57C;LB0B
4;8B5;L=KE =01;N45=89, :@>?>B;82KE M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE ?>8A:>2,
?>AB>O==>3> B@C40 CGё=KE 8 ?@0:B8:>2;

8=B5@5A0 8 ?>7=020B5;L=KE <>B82>2 2 ?>;CG5=88 8 ?>A;54CNI5< 0=0;875
8=D>@<0F88 > ?5@54>2KE 4>AB865=8OE A>2@5<5==>9 >B5G5AB25==>9 E8<88;
3) 4CE>2=>-=@02AB25==>3> 2>A?8B0=8я:
=@02AB25==>3> A>7=0=8O, MB8G5A:>3> ?>2545=8O;
A?>A>1=>AB8 >F5=820BL A8BC0F88, A2O70==K5 A E8<8G5A:8<8 O2;5=8O<8,
8 ?@8=8<0BL >A>7=0==K5 @5H5=8O, >@85=B8@COAL =0 <>@0;L=>-=@02AB25==K5
=>@AB8;
3>B>2=>AB8 >F5=820BL A2>ё ?>2545=85 8 ?>ABC?:8 A2>8E B>20@8I59 A
?>78F89 =@02AB25==KE 8 ?@02>2KE =>@< 8 A CGёB>< >A>7=0=8O ?>A;54AB289
?>ABC?:>2;
4) D>@<8@>20=8я :C;PBC@O 74>@>2Pя:
?>=8<0=8O F5==>AB59 74>@>2>3> 8 157>?0A=>3> >1@070 687=8,
=5>1E>48<>AB8 >B25BAB25==>3> >B=>H5=8O : A>1AB25==>@>2LN;
A>1;N45=8O ?@028; 157>?0A=>3> >1@0I5=8O A 25I5AB20<8 2 1KBC,
?>2A54=52=>9 687=8, 2 B@C4>2>9 45OB5;L=>AB8;
?>=8<0=8O F5==>AB8 ?@028; 8=48284C0;L=>3> 8 :>;;5:B82=>3>
157>?0A=>3> ?>2545=8O 2 A8BC0F8OE, C3@>60NI8E 74>@>2LN 8 687=8 ;N459;
>A>7=0=8O ?>A;54AB289 8 =5?@8OB8O 2@54=KE ?@82KG5: (C?>B@51;5=8O
0;:>3>;O, =0@:>B8:>2, :C@5=8O);
5) B@C4>2>3> 2>A?8B0=8я:
:><9
:>AB8
2
CG51=>-8AA;54>20B5;LA:>9
45OB5;L=>AB8, >1I5AB25==> ?>;57=>9, B2>@G5A:>9 8 4@C38E 2840E
45OB5;L=>AB8;
CAB0=>2:8 =0 0:B82=>5 CG0AB85 2 @5H5=88 ?@0:B8G5A:8E 7040G
A>F80;L=>9 =0?@02;5==>AB8 (2 @0<:0E A2>53> :;0AA0, H:>;K);
8=B5@5A0 : ?@0:B8G5A:>D5AA89 @07;8G=>3> @>40, 2 B><
G8A;5 =0 >A=>25 ?@8<5=5=8O ?@54<5B=KE 7=0=89 ?> E8<88;
C2065=8O : B@C4C, ;N4O< B@C40 8 @57C;LB0B0< B@C4>2>9 45OB5;L=>AB8;
3>B>2=>AB8 : >A>7=0==>@C 8=48284C0;L=>9 B@05:B>@88
>1@07>20=8O, 1C4CI59 ?@>D5AA88 8 @50;870F88 A>1AB25==KE 687=5==KE
?;0=>2 A CGёB>< ;8G=>AB=KE 8=B5@5A>2, A?>A>1=>AB59 : E8<88, 8=B5@5A>2 8
?>B@51=>AB59 >1I5AB20;
6) Q:>;>38G5A:>3> 2>A?8B0=8я:
M:>;>38G5A:8 F5;5A>>1@07=>3> >B=>H5=8O : ?@8@>45 :0: 8AB>G=8:C
ACI5AB2>20=8O 687=8 =0 5<;5;
?>=8<0=8O 3;>10;L=>3> E0@0:B5@0 M:>;>38G5A:8E ?@>1;5<, 2;8O=8O
M:>=><8G5A:8E ?@>F5AA>2 =0 A>AB>O=85 ?@8@>4=>9 8 A>F80;L=>9 A@54K;

>A>7=0=8O =5>1E>48<>AB8 8A?>;L7>20=8O 4>AB865=89 E8<88 4;O
@5H5=8O 2>?@>A>2 @0F8>=0;L=>3> ?@8@>4>?>;L7>20=8O;
0:B82=>3> =5?@8OB8O 459AB289, ?@8=>AOI8E 2@54 >:@C60NI59
?@8@>4=>9 A@545, C<5=8O ?@>3=>78@>20BL =51;03>?@8OB=K5 M:>;>38G5A:85
?>A;54AB28O ?@54?@8=8<05B2@0I0BL 8E;
=0;8G8O @0728B>3> M:>;>38G5A:>3> ;>38G5A:>9 :C;LBC@K,
>?KB0
45OB5;L=>AB8
M:>;>38G5A:>9
=0?@02;5==>AB8,
C<5=8O
@C:>2>4AB2>20BLAO 8<8 2 ?>7=020B5;L=>9, :><9 8 A>F80;L=>9
?@0:B8:5, A?>A>1=>AB8 8 C<5=8O 0:B82=> ?@>B82>AB>OBL 845>;>388
E5<>D>188;
7) F5==>AB8 =0CG=>3> ?>7=0=8я:
<8@>2>77@5=8O, A>>B25BAB2CNI53> A>2@5<5==>2=N @0728B8O =0C:8
8 >1I5AB25==>9 ?@0:B8:8;
?>=8<0=8O A?5F8D8:8 E8<88 :0: =0C:8, >A>7=0=8O 5ё @>;8 2
D>@<8@>20=88 @0F8>=0;L=>3> =0CG=>3> 740=88 F5;>AB=>3>
?@54AB02;5=8O >1 >:@C60NI5< <8@5 :0: > 548=AB25 ?@8@>4K 8 G5;>25:0, 2
?>7=0=88 ?@8@>4=KE 70:>=><5@=>AB59 8 @5H5=88 ?@>1;5< A>E@0=5=8O
?@8@>4=>3> @02=>25A8O;
C1564ё==>AB8 2 >A>1>9 7=0G8<>AB8 E8<88 4;O A>2@5<5==>9
F828;870F88: 2 5ё 3C<0=8AB8G5A:>9 =0?@02;5==>AB8 8 206=>9 @>;8 2 A>740=88
=>2>9 107K <0B5@80;L=>9 :C;LBC@K, 2 @5H5=88 3;>10;L=KE ?@>1;5<
CAB>9G82>3> @0728B8O G5;>25G5AB20 3 AK@L52>9, M=5@35B8G5A:>9, ?8I52>9 8
M:>;>38G5A:>9 157>?0A=>AB8, 2 @0728B88 <548F8=K, >15A?5G5=88 CA;>289
CA?5H=>3> B@C40 8 M:>;>38G5A:8 :>@B=>9 687=8 :064>3> G;5=0 >1I5AB20;
5AB5AB25==>-=0CG=>9 3@0<>B=>AB8: ?>=8<0=8O ACI=>AB8 <5B>4>2
?>7=0=8O, 8A?>;L7C5A>1=>AB8 8A?>;L7>20BL
?>;CG051JOA=5=8O O2;5=89 >:@C60NI53> <8@0 8
?@>8AE>4OI8E 2 =ё< 87<5=5=89, C<5=8O 45;0BL >1>A=>20==K5 70:;NG5=8O =0
>A=>25 =0CG=KE D0:B>2 8 8<5NI8EAO 40==KE A F5;LN ?>;CG5=8O 4>AB>25@=KE
2K2>4>2;
A?>A>1=>AB8 A0<>AB>OB5;L=> 8A?>;L7>20BL E8<8G5A:85 7=0=8O 4;O
@5H5=8O ?@>1;5< 2 @50;L=KE 687=5==KE A8BC0F8OE;
8=B5@5A0 : ?>7=0=8N, 8AA;54>20B5;LA:>9 45OB5;L=>AB8;
3>B>2=>AB8 8 A?>A>1=>AB8 : =5?@5@K2=>1@07>20=8N 8
A0<>>1@07>20=8N, : 0:B82=>;CG5=8N =>2KE 7=0=89 ?> E8<88 2
A>>B25BAB288 A 687=5==K<8 ?>B@51=>ABO<8;
8=B5@5A0 : >A>15==>ABO< B@C40 2 @07;8G=KE AD5@0E ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>9
45OB5;L=>AB8.
&#$ &!/ $'0&&/

5B0?@54<5B=K5 @57C;LB0BK >A2>5=8O ?@>3@0< E8<88 =0 C@>2=5
A@54=53> >1I53> >1@07>20=8O 2:;NG0NB:
7=0G8@<8@>20=8O
<8@>2>77@5=8O
>1CG0NI8EAO
<5648AF8?;8=0@=K5 (<56?@54<5B=K5) >1I5=0CG=K5 ?>=OB8O, >B@060NI85
F5;>AB=>ABL =0CG=>9 :0@B8=K <8@0 8 A?5F8D8:C <5B>4>2 ?>7=0=8O,
8A?>;L7C5, M=5@38O, O2;5=85,
?@>F5AA, A8AB5<0, =0CG=K9 D0:B, ?@8=F8?, 38?>B570, 70:>=><5@=>ABL, 70:>=,
B5>@8O, 8AA;54>20=85, =01;N45=85, 87<5@5=85, M:A?5@8<5=B 8 4@C385);
C=825@A0;L=K5 CG51=K5 459AB28O (?>7=020B5;L=K5, :><15A?5G820NI85
D>@<8@>20=85
DC=:F8>=0;L=>9
3@0<>B=>AB8 8 A>F80;L=>9 :>1CG0NI8EAO;
A?>A>1=>ABL
>1CG0NI8EAO
8A?>;L7>20BL
>A2>5==K5
<5648AF8?;8=0@=K5, <8@>2>77@5=G5A:85 7=0=8O 8 C=825@A0;L=K5 CG51=K5
459AB28O 2 ?>7=020B5;L=>9 8 A>F80;L=>9 ?@0:B8:5.
5B0?@54<5B=K5 @57C;LB0BK >B@060NB >2;045=85 C=825@A0;L=K<8
CG51=K<8 ?>7=020B5;L=K<8, :><7=020B5;P=O5 C=825@A0;P=O5 CG51=O5 459AB28я
1) 107>2O5 ;>38G5A:85 459AB28я:
A0<>AB>OB5;L=> D>@20BL 8 0:BC0;878@>20BL ?@>1;5@>==5;
>?@545;OBL F5;8 45OB5;L=>AB8, 704020O ?0@0<5B@K 8 :@8B5@88 8E
4>AB865=8O, A>>B=>A8BL @57C;LB0BK 45OB5;L=>AB8 A ?>AB02;5==K<8 F5;O<8;
8A?>;L7>20BL ?@8 >A2>5=88 7=0=89 ?@8ё38G5A:>3> =OB89 8 CAB0=02;820BL 8E 2708<>A2O7L,
8A?>;L7>20BL A>>B25BAB2CNI85 ?>=OB8O 4;O >1JOA=5=8O >B45;L=KE D0:B>2 8
O2;5=89;
2K18@0BL >A=>20=8O 8 :@8B5@88 4;O :;0AA8D8:0F88 25I5AB2 8
E8<8G5A:8E @50:F89;
CAB0=02;820BL ?@8G8==>-A;54AB25==K5 A2O78 <564C 87CG058BL ;>38G5A:85 @0AAC645=8O (8=4C:B82=K5, 454C:B82=K5, ?>
0=0;>388), 2KO2;OBL 70:>=><5@=>AB8 8 ?@>B82>@5G8O 2 @0AA<0B@8205@20BL 2K2>4K 8 70:;NG5=8O;
?@8<5=OBL 2 ?@>F5AA5 ?>7=0=8O 8A?>;L7C5;8G5A:85
(7=0:>2K5) <>45;8, ?@5>1@07>2K20BL <>45;L=K5 ?@54AB02;5=8O 3 E8<8G5A:89
7=0: (A8<2>;) M;5<5=B0, E8<8G5A:0O D>@9 @50:F88
3 ?@8 @5H5=88 CG51=KE ?>7=020B5;L=KE 8 ?@0:B8G5A:8E 7040G, ?@8<5=OBL

=0720==K5 <>45;L=K5 ?@54AB02;5=8O 4;O 2KO2;5=8O E0@0:B5@=KE ?@87=0:>2
87CG052O5 8AA;54>20B5;PA:85 459AB28я:
2;045BL >A=>20<8 <5B>4>2 =0CG=>3> ?>7=0=8O 25I5AB2 8 E8<8G5A:8E
@50:F89;
D>@20BL F5;8 8 7040G8 8AA;54>20=8O, 8A?>;L7>20BL ?>AB02;5==K5
8 A0<>AB>OB5;L=> AD>@20==K5 2>?@>AK 2 :0G5AB25 8=AB@C<5=B0
?>7=0=8O 8 >A=>2K 4;O D>@<8@>20=8O 38?>B57K ?> ?@>25@:5 ?@028;L=>AB8
2KA:07K205AB>OB5;L=>3> ?;0=8@>20=8O 8 ?@>2545=8O
CG5=8G5A:8E M:A?5@8<5=B>2, A>25@H5=AB2>20BL C<5=8O =01;N40BL 70 E>4><
?@>F5AA0, A0<>AB>OB5;L=> ?@>3=>78@>20BL 53> @57C;LB0B, D>@20BL
>1>1I5=8O 8 2K2>4K >B=>A8B5;L=> 4>AB>25@=>AB8 @57C;LB0B>2 8AA;54>20=8O,
A>AB02;OBL >1>A=>20==K9 >BGёB > ?@>45;0==>9 @01>B5;
?@8>1@5B0BL >?KB CG5=8G5A:>9 8AA;54>20B5;LA:>9 8 ?@>5:B=>9
45OB5;L=>AB8, ?@>O2;OBL A?>A>1=>ABL 8 3>B>2=>ABL : A0<>AB>OB5;L=>8A:C <5B>4>2 @5H5=8O ?@0:B8G5A:8E 7040G, ?@8<5=5=8N @07;8G=KE <5B>4>2
?>7=0=8O.
3) @01>B0 A 8=D>@<0F859:
>@85=B8@>20BLAO 2 @07;8G=KE 8AB>G=8:0E 8=D>@<0F88 (=0CG=>?>?C;O@=0O ;8B5@0BC@0 E8<8G5A:>3> A>45@60=8O, A?@02>G=K5 ?>A>18O,
@5AC@AK =B5@=5B0), 0=0;878@>20BL 8=D>@<0F8N @07;8G=KE 284>2 8 D>@<
?@54AB02;5=8O,
:@8B8G5A:8
>F5=820BL
5ё
4>AB>25@=>ABL
8
=5?@>B82>@5G82>ABL;
D>@20BL 70?@>AK 8 ?@8<5=OBL @07;8G=K5 <5B>4K ?@8 ?>8A:5 8
>B1>@5 8=D>@<0F88, =5>1E>48<>9 4;O 2K?>;=5=8O CG51=KE 7040G
>?@545;ё==>3> B8?0;
?@8>1@5B0BL >?KB 8A?>;L7>20=8O 8=D>@<0F8>==>-:><;>389 8 @07;8G=KE ?>8A:>2KE A8AB5<;
A0<>AB>OB5;L=> 2K18@0BL >?B8<0;L=CN D>@@<0F88 (AE5;L7>20BL =0CG=K9 O7K: 2 :0G5AB25 A@54AB20 ?@8 @01>B5 A E8<8G5A:>9
8=D>@<0F859: ?@8<5=OBL <56?@54<5B=K5 (D878G5A:85 8 <0B5<0B8G5A:85)
7=0:8 8 A8<2>;K, D>@<5=:;0BC@C;
8A?>;L7>20BL 7=0:>2>-A8<2>;8G5A:85 A@54AB20 =03;O4=>AB8.
><?@>AK ?> ACI5AB2C >1AC6405<>9 B545 480;>30 8/8;8
48A:CAA88, 2KA:07K20BL 8458, D>@20BL A2>8 ?@54;>65=8O
>B=>A8B5;L=> 2K?>;=5=8O ?@54;>65==>9 7040G8;
2KABC?0BL A ?@575=B0F859 @57C;LB0B>2 ?>7=020B5;L=>9 45OB5;L=>AB8,
?>;CG5==KE A0<>AB>OB5;L=> 8;8 A>2<5AB=> A> A25@AB=8:0<8 ?@8 2K?>;=5=88
E8<8G5A:>3> M:A?5@8<5=B0, ?@0:B8G5A:>9 @01>BK ?> 8AA;54>20=8N A2>9AB2
87CG053> ?@>5:B0, 8 D>@20BL 2K2>4K
?> @57C;LB0B0< ?@>254ё==KE 8AA;54>20=89 ?CBё< A>3;0A>20=8O ?>78F89 2
E>45 >1AC645=8O 8 >1<5=0 <=5=8O<8.
$53C;яB82=O5 C=825@A0;P=O5 CG51=O5 459AB28я:
A0<>AB>OB5;L=> ?;0=8@>20BL 8 >ACI5AB2;OBL A2>N ?>7=020B5;L=CN
45OB5;L=>ABL, >?@545;OO 5ё F5;8 8 7040G8, :>=B@>;8@>20BL 8 ?> <5@5
=5>1E>48<>AB8 :>@@5:B8@>20BL ?@54;0305@8B< 459AB289 ?@8
2K?>;=5=88 CG51=KE 8 8AA;54>20B5;LA:8E 7040G, 2K18@0BL =081>;55
MDD5:B82=K9 A?>A>1 8E @5H5=8O A CGёB>< ?>;CG5=8O =>2KE 7=0=89 >
25I5AB20E 8 E8<8G5A:8E @50:F8OE;
>ACI5AB2;OBL A0<>:>=B@>;L 45OB5;L=>AB8 =0 >A=>25 A0<>0=0;870 8
A0<>>F5=:8.
#$ &!/ $'0&&/
#@54<5B=K5 @57C;LB0BK >A2>5=8O ?@>3@0< E8<88 =0 C3;C1;ё==><
C@>2=5 =0 C@>2=5 A@54=53> >1I53> >1@07>20=8O 2:;NG0NB A?5F8D8G5A:85 4;O
CG51=>3> ?@54<5B0 «)8<8O» =0CG=K5 7=0=8O, C<5=8O 8 A?>A>1K 459AB289 ?>
>A2>5=8N, 8=B5@?@5B0F88 8 ?@5>1@07>20=8N 7=0=89, 284K 45OB5;L=>AB8 ?>
?>;CG5=8N =>2>3> 7=0=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=8N 7=0=89 2 @07;8G=KE CG51=KE
A8BC0F8OE, 0 B0:65 2 @50;L=KE 687=5==KE A8BC0F8OE, A2O70==KE A E8<859. 
?@>3@0<<5 ?> E8<88 ?@54<5B=K5 @57C;LB0BK ?@54AB02;5=K ?> 3>40<
87CG5=8O.
10 %%
#@54<5B=K5 @57C;LB0BK >A2>5=8O :C@A0 «"@30=8G5A:0O E8<8O»
>B@060NB:
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL ?@54AB02;5=89: > <5AB5 8 7=0G5=88 >@30=8G5A:>9
E8<88 2 A8AB5<5 5AB5AB25==KE =0C: 8 5ё @>;8 2 >15A?5G5=88 CAB>9G82>3>
@0728B8O G5;>25G5AB20 2 @5H5=88 ?@>1;5< M:>;>38G5A:>9, M=5@35B8G5A:>9 8
?8I52>9 157>?0A=>AB8, 2 @0728B88 <548F8=K, A>740=88 =>2KE <0B5@80;>2,

=>2KE
8AB>G=8:>2
M=5@388,
2
>15A?5G5=88
@0F8>=0;L=>3>
?@8@>4>?>;L7>20=8O, 2 D>@<8@>20=88 <8@>2>77@5=8O 8 >1I59 :C;LBC@K
G5;>25:0, 0 B0:65 M:>;>38G5A:8 >1>A=>20==>3> >B=>H5=8O : A2>5@>2LN
8 ?@8@>4=>9 A@545;
2;045=85 A8AB5<>9 E8<8G5A:8E 7=0=89, :>B>@0O 2:;NG05B:
>A=>2>?>;030NI85 ?>=OB8O 3 E8<8G5A:89 M;5<5=B, 0B><, O4@> 8 M;5:B@>==0O
>1>;>G:0 0B><0, s-, p-, d-0B><=K5 >@18B0;8, >A=>2=>5 8 2>71C64ё==>5
A>AB>O=8O 0B><0, 381@84870F8O 0B><=KE >@18B0;59, 8>=, <>;5:C;0,
20;5=B=>ABL, M;5:B@>>B@8F0B5;L=>ABL, AB5?5=L >:8A;5=8O, E8<8G5A:0O A2O7L,
<>;L, <>;O@=0O <0AA0, <>;O@=K9 >1Jё<, C3;5@>4=K9 A:5;5B, DC=:F8>=0;L=0O
3@C??0, @048:0;, AB@C:BC@=K5 D>@:@0Iё==K5,
A:5;5B=K5), 87><5@8O AB@C:BC@=0O 8 ?@>AB@0=AB25==0O (35><5B@8G5A:0O,
>?B8G5A:0O), 87><5@K, 3><>;>38G5A:89 @O4, 3><>;>38, C3;52>4>@>4K,
:8A;>@>4- 8 07>BA>45@60I85 >@30=8G5A:85 A>548=5=8O, <>=><5@, ?>;8<5@,
AB@C:BC@=>5 725=>, 2KA>:><>;5:C;O@=K5 A>548=5=8O; B5>@88, 70:>=K
(?5@8>48G5A:89 70:>= . .
5=45;5520, B5>@8O AB@>5=8O >@30=8G5A:8E
25I5AB2 . . CB;5@>20, 70:>= A>E@0=5=8O <0AAK 25I5AB2, 70:>= A>E@0=5=8O
8 ?@52@0I5=8O M=5@388 ?@8 E8<8G5A:8E @50:F8OE), 70:>=><5@=>AB8,
A8<2>;8G5A:89 O7K: E8<88, <8@>2>77@5=G5A:85 7=0=8O, ;560I85 2 >A=>25
?>=8<0=8O ?@8G8==>AB8 8 A8AB5<=>AB8 E8<8G5A:8E O2;5=89; ?@54AB02;5=8O >
<5E0=87<0E E8<8G5A:8E @50:F89, B5@<>48=0<8G5A:8E 8 :8=5B8G5A:8E
70:>=><5@=>ABOE 8E ?@>B5:0=8O, > 2708<=>< 2;8O=88 0B><>2 8 3@C?? 0B><>2 2
<>;5:C;0E (8=4C:B82=K9 8 <57><5@=K9 MDD5:BK, >@85=B0=BK I 8 II @>40);
D0:B>;>38G5A:85 A2545=8O > A2>9AB20E, A>AB025, ?>;CG5=88 8 157>?0A=><
8A?>;L7>20=88 206=59H8E >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2 2 1KBC 8 ?@0:B8G5A:>9
45OB5;L=>AB8 G5;>25:0, >1I8E =0CG=KE ?@8=F8?0E E8<8G5A:>3> ?@>872>4AB20
(=0 ?@8<5@5 ?@>872>4AB20 <5B0=>;0, ?5@5@01>B:8 =5DB8);
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89: 2KO2;OBL E0@0:B5@=K5 ?@87=0:8 ?>=OB89,
CAB0=02;820BL 8E 2708<>A2O7L, 8A?>;L7>20BL A>>B25BAB2CNI85 ?>=OB8O ?@8
>?8A0=88 A>AB020, AB@>5=8O 8 A2>9AB2 >@30=8G5A:8E A>548=5=89;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89:
8A?>;L7>20BL E8<8G5A:CN A8<2>;8:C 4;O A>AB02;5=8O <>;5:C;O@=KE 8
AB@C:BC@=KE (@072ё@=CBKE, A>:@0Iё==KE 8 A:5;5B=KE) D>@@30=8G5A:8E
25I5AB2;
A>AB02;OBL C@02=5=8O E8<8G5A:8E @50:F89 8 @0A:@K20BL 8E ACI=>ABL:
>:8A;8B5;L=>-2>AAB0=>28B5;L=KE
@50:F89
?>A@54AB2><
A>AB02;5=8O
M;5:B@>==>3> 10;0=A0 MB8E @50:F89, @50:F89 8>==>3> >1<5=0 ?CBё<
A>AB02;5=8O 8E ?>;=KE 8 A>:@0Iё==KE 8>==KE C@02=5=89;

873>B02;820BL <>45;8 <>;5:C; >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2 4;O 8;;NAB@0F88
8E E8<8G5A:>3> 8 ?@>AB@0=AB25==>3> AB@>5=8O;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89: CAB0=02;820BL ?@8=04;56=>ABL 87CG5==KE
>@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2 ?> 8E A>AB02C 8 AB@>5=8N : >?@545;ё==>548=5=89, 4020BL 8< =0720=8O ?> A8AB5<0B8G5A:>9
=><5=:;0BC@5 (IUPAC) 8 ?@82>48BL B@8280;L=K5 =0720=8O 4;O >B45;L=KE
?@54AB028B5;59 >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2 (MB8;5=, 0F5B8;5=, B>;C>;, 3;8F5@8=,
MB8;5=3;8:>;L, D5=>;, D>@<0;L45384, 0F5B0;L45384, 0F5B>=, B0, C:ACA=0O :8A;>B0, AB50@8=>20O, >;58=>20O, ?0;L<8B8=>20O :8A;>BK,
3;8F8=, 0;0=8=, <0;LB>70, D@C:B>70, 0=8;8=, 4828=8;, 87>?@5=, E;>@>?@5=,
AB8@>; 8 4@C385);
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=8O >?@545;OBL 284 E8<8G5A:>9 A2O78 2
>@30=8G5A:8E A>548=5=8OE (:>20;5=B=0O 8 8>==0O A2O7L, σ- 8 Ã-A2O7L,
2>4>@>4=0O A2O7L);
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=8O ?@8<5=OBL ?>;>65=8O B5>@88 AB@>5=8O
>@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2 . . CB;5@>20 4;O >1JOA=5=8O 7028A8<>AB8 A2>9AB2
25I5AB2 >B 8E A>AB020 8 AB@>5=8O;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89 E0@0:B5@87>20BL A>AB02, AB@>5=85, D878G5A:85
8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 B8?8G=KE ?@54AB028B5;59 @07;8G=KE :;0AA>2
>@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2: 0;:0=>2, F8:;>0;:0=>2, 0;:5=>2, 0;:0485=>2, 0;:8=>2,
0@><0B8G5A:8E C3;52>4>@>4>2, A?8@B>2, 0;L45384>2, :5B>=>2, :0@1>=>2KE
:8A;>B, ?@>ABKE 8 A;>6=KE MD8@>2, 68@>2, =8B@>A>548=5=89 8 0<8=>2,
0<8=>:8A;>B, 15;:>2, C3;52>4>2 (<>=>-, 48- 8 ?>;8A0E0@84>2),
8;;NAB@8@>20BL
35=5B8G5A:CN
A2O7L
<564C
=8<8
C@02=5=8O<8
A>>B25BAB2CNI8E E8<8G5A:8E @50:F89 A 8A?>;L7>20=85< AB@C:BC@=KE
D>@@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=8O ?>4B25@640BL =0 :>=:@5B=KE ?@8<5@0E
E0@0:B5@ 7028A8<>AB8 @50:F8>==>9 A?>A>1=>AB8 >@30=8G5A:8E A>548=5=89 >B
:@0B=>AB8 8 B8?0 :>20;5=B=>9 A2O78 (σ- 8 Ã-A2O78), 2708<=>3> 2;8O=8O 0B><>2
8 3@C?? 0B><>2 2 <>;5:C;0E;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=8O E0@0:B5@87>20BL 8AB>G=8:8 C3;52>4>@>4=>3>
AK@LO (=5DBL, ?@8@>4=K9 307, C3>;L), A?>A>1K 53> ?5@5@01>B:8 8 ?@0:B8G5A:>5
?@8<5=5=85 ?@>4C:B>2 ?5@5@01>B:8;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL 2;045=8O A8AB5<>9 7=0=89 > 5AB5AB25==>-=0CG=KE
<5B>40E ?>7=0=8O 3 =01;N45=88, 87<5@5=88, <>45;8@>20=88, M:A?5@8<5=B5
(@50;L=>< 8 <) 8 C<5=8O ?@8<5=OBL MB8 7=0=8O;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=8O ?@8<5=OBL >A=>2=K5 >?5@0F88 9
45OB5;L=>AB8 3 0=0;87 8 A8=B57, A@02=5=85, >1>1I5=85, A8AB5<0B870F8N,

2KO2;5=85 ?@8G8==>-A;54AB25==KE A2O759 3 4;O 87CG5=8O A2>9AB2 25I5AB2 8
E8<8G5A:8E @50:F89;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89: 2KO2;OBL 2708<>A2O7L E8<8G5A:8E 7=0=89 A
?>=OB8O<8 8 ?@54AB02;5=8O<8 4@C38E 5AB5AB25==>-=0CG=KE ?@54<5B>2 4;O
1>;55 >A>7=0==>3> ?>=8<0=8O ACI=>AB8 <0B5@80;L=>3> 548=AB20 <8@0,
8A?>;L7>20BL A8AB5<=K5 7=0=8O ?> >@30=8G5A:>9 E8<88 4;O >1JOA=5=8O 8
?@>3=>78@>20=8O O2;5=89, 8<5NI8E 5AB5AB25==>-=0CG=CN ?@8@>4C;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89: ?@>2>48BL @0AGёBK ?> E8<8G5A:8< D>@;L7>20=85< D878G5A:8E 25;8G8=
(<0AA0, >1Jё< 307>2, :>;8G5AB2> 25I5AB20), E0@0:B5@87CNI8E 25I5AB20 A
:>;8G5AB25==>9 AB>@>=K: @0AGёBK ?> =0E>645=8N E8<8G5A:>9 D>@ 8725AB=K< <0AA>2K< 4>;O< E8<8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2, ?@>4C:B0<
A3>@0=8O, ?;>B=>AB8 307>>1@07=KE 25I5AB2;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89: ?@>3=>78@>20BL, 0=0;878@>20BL 8 >F5=820BL
A ?>78F89 M:>;>38G5A:>9 157>?0A=>AB8 ?>A;54AB28O 1KB>2>9 8
?@>872>4AB25==>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 G5;>25:0, A2O70==>9 A ?5@5@01>B:>9 25I5AB2,
8A?>;L7>20BL ?>;CG5==K5 7=0=8O 4;O ?@8=OB8O 3@0<>B=KE @5H5=89 ?@>1;5<
2 A8BC0F8OE, A2O70==KE A E8<859;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89: A0<>AB>OB5;L=> ?;0=8@>20BL 8 ?@>2>48BL
E8<8G5A:89 M:A?5@8<5=B (?>;CG5=85 8 87CG5=85 A2>9AB2 >@30=8G5A:8E
25I5AB2, :0G5AB25==K5 @50:F88 C3;52>4>@>4>2 @07;8G=KE :;0AA>2 8
:8A;>@>4A>45@60I8E >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2, @5H5=85 M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE
7040G ?> @0A?>7=020=8N >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2) A A>1;N45=85< ?@028;
157>?0A=>3> >1@0I5=8O A 25I5AB20<8 8 ;01>@0B>@=K< >1>@C4>20=85<,
D>@20BL F5;L 8AA;54>20=8O, ?@54AB02;OBL 2 @07;8G=>9 D>@<5
@57C;LB0BK M:A?5@8<5=B0, 0=0;878@>20BL и >F5=820BL 8E 4>AB>25@=>ABL;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89:
A>1;N40BL ?@028;0 M:>;>38G5A:8 F5;5A>>1@07=>3> ?>2545=8O 2 1KBC 8
B@C4>2>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 2 F5;OE A>E@0=5=8O A2>53> 74>@>2LO, >:@C60NI59
?@8@>4=>9 A@54K 8 4>AB865=8O 5ё CAB>9G82>3> @0728B8O;
>A>7=020BL >?0A=>ABL B>:A8G5A:>3> 459AB28O =0 682K5 >@30=87?@545;ё==KE >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2, ?>=8<0O A:070B5;O #;
0=0;878@>20BL F5;5A>>1@07=>ABL ?@8<5=5=8O >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2 2
?@>AB8 8 2 1KBC A B>G:8 7@5=8O A>>B=>H5=8O @8A:-?>;L70;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89: >ACI5AB2;OBL F5;5=0?@02;5==K9 ?>8A:
E8<8G5A:>9 8=D>@<0F88 2 @07;8G=KE 8AB>G=8:0E (=0CG=0O 8 CG51=>-=0CG=0O
;8B5@0BC@0, A@54AB20 <0AA>2>9 8=D>@<0F88, =B5@=5B 8 4@C385), :@8B8G5A:8
0=0;878@>20BL E8<8G5A:CN 8=D>@<0F8N, ?5@5@010BK20BL 5ё 8 8A?>;L7>20BL 2
A>>B25BAB288 A ?>AB02;5==>9 CG51=>9 7040G59.

11 %%
#@54<5B=K5 @57C;LB0BK >A2>5=8O :C@A0 «"1I0O 8 =5>@30=8G5A:0O
E8<8O» >B@060NB:
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL ?@54AB02;5=89: > <0B5@80;L=>< 548=AB25 <8@0,
70:>=><5@=>ABOE 8 ?>7=0205<>AB8 O2;5=89 ?@8@>4K, > <5AB5 8 7=0G5=88
E8<88 2 A8AB5<5 5AB5AB25==KE =0C: 8 5ё @>;8 2 >15A?5G5=88 CAB>9G82>3>
@0728B8O, 2 @5H5=88 ?@>1;5< M:>;>38G5A:>9, M=5@35B8G5A:>9 8 ?8I52>9
157>?0A=>AB8, 2 @0728B88 <548F8=K, A>740=88 =>2KE <0B5@80;>2, =>2KE
8AB>G=8:>2 M=5@388, 2 >15A?5G5=88 @0F8>=0;L=>3> ?@8@>4>?>;L7>20=8O, 2
D>@<8@>20=88 <8@>2>77@5=8O 8 >1I59 :C;LBC@K G5;>25:0, 0 B0:65
M:>;>38G5A:8 >1>A=>20==>3> >B=>H5=8O : A2>5@>2LN 8 ?@8@>4=>9
A@545;
2;045=85 A8AB5<>9 E8<8G5A:8E 7=0=89, :>B>@0O 2:;NG05B:
>A=>2>?>;030NI85 ?>=OB8O 3 E8<8G5A:89 M;5<5=B, 0B><, O4@> 0B><0, 87>B>?K,
M;5:B@>==0O >1>;>G:0 0B><0, s-, p-, d-0B><=K5 >@18B0;8, >A=>2=>5 8
2>71C64ё==>5 A>AB>O=8O 0B><0, 381@84870F8O 0B><=KE >@18B0;59, 8>=,
<>;5:C;0, 20;5=B=>ABL, M;5:B@>>B@8F0B5;L=>ABL, AB5?5=L >:8A;5=8O,
E8<8G5A:0O A2O7L (:>20;5=B=0O, 8>==0O, <5B0;;8G5A:0O, 2>4>@>4=0O),
:@8AB0;;8G5A:0O @5HёB:0, E8<8G5A:0O @50:F8O, @0AB2>@, M;5:B@>;8BK,
=5M;5:B@>;8BK, M;5:B@>;8B8G5A:0O 48AA>F80F8O, AB5?5=L 48AA>F80F88,
2>4>@>4=K9 ?>:070B5;L, >:8A;8B5;L, 2>AAB0=>28B5;L, B5?;>2>9 MDD5:B
E8<8G5A:>9 @50:F88, A:>@>ABL E8<8G5A:>9 @50:F88, E8<8G5A:>5 @02=>25A85;
B5>@88 8 70:>=K (B5>@8O M;5:B@>;8B8G5A:>9 48AA>F80F88, ?5@8>48G5A:89
70:>= .. 5=45;5520, 70:>= A>E@0=5=8O <0AAK 25I5AB2, 70:>= A>E@0=5=8O 8
?@52@0I5=8O M=5@388 ?@8 E8<8G5A:8E @50:F8OE, 70:>= ?>AB>O=AB20 A>AB020
25I5AB2, 70:>= 459AB2CNI8E <0AA), 70:>=><5@=>AB8, A8<2>;8G5A:89 O7K:
E8<88, <8@>2>77@5=G5A:85 7=0=8O, ;560I85 2 >A=>25 ?>=8<0=8O ?@8G8==>AB8
8 A8AB5<=>AB8 E8<8G5A:8E O2;5=89; A>2@5<5==K5 ?@54AB02;5=8O > AB@>5=88
25I5AB20 =0 0B><=><, 8>==>-<>;5:C;O@=>< 8 =04<>;5:C;O@=>< C@>2=OE;
?@54AB02;5=8O > <5E0=87<0E E8<8G5A:8E @50:F89, B5@<>48=0<8G5A:8E 8
:8=5B8G5A:8E 70:>=><5@=>ABOE 8E ?@>B5:0=8O, > E8<8G5A:>< @02=>25A88,
@0AB2>@0E 8 48A?5@A=KE A8AB5<0E; D0:B>;>38G5A:85 A2545=8O > A2>9AB20E,
A>AB025, ?>;CG5=88 8 157>?0A=>< 8A?>;L7>20=88 206=59H8E =5>@30=8G5A:8E
25I5AB2 2 1KBC 8 ?@0:B8G5A:>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 G5;>25:0, >1I8E =0CG=KE
?@8=F8?0E E8<8G5A:>3> ?@>872>4AB20;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89: 2KO2;OBL E0@0:B5@=K5 ?@87=0:8 ?>=OB89,
CAB0=02;820BL 8E 2708<>A2O7L, 8A?>;L7>20BL A>>B25BAB2CNI85 ?>=OB8O ?@8
>?8A0=88 =5>@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2 8 8E ?@52@0I5=89;

AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=8O 8A?>;L7>20BL E8<8G5A:CN A8<2>;8:C 4;O
A>AB02;5=8O D>@<5=:;0BC@C (IUPAC) 8 B@8280;L=K5 =0720=8O >B45;L=KE
25I5AB2;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=8O >?@545;OBL 20;5=B=>ABL 8 AB5?5=L >:8A;5=8O
E8<8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2 2 A>548=5=8OE, 284 E8<8G5A:>9 A2O78 (:>20;5=B=0O,
8>==0O, <5B0;;8G5A:0O, 2>4>@>4=0O), B8? :@8AB0;;8G5A:>9 @5HёB:8
:>=:@5B=>3> 25I5AB20;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=8O >1JOA=OBL 7028A8<>ABL A2>9AB2 25I5AB2 >B
2840 E8<8G5A:>9 A2O78 8 B8?0 :@8AB0;;8G5A:>9 @5HёB:8, >1<5==K9 8
4>=>@=>-0:F5?B>@=K9 <5E0=871@07>20=8O :>20;5=B=>9 A2O78;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89: :;0AA8D8F8@>20BL: =5>@30=8G5A:85 25I5AB20
?> 8E A>AB02C, E8<8G5A:85 @50:F88 ?> @07;8G=K< ?@87=0:0< (G8A;C 8 A>AB02C
@5038@CNI8E 25I5AB2, B5?;>2>:8A;5=8O M;5<5=B>2, >1@0B8<>AB8, CG0AB8N :0B0;870B>@0 8 4@C385);
A0<>AB>OB5;L=> 2K18@0BL >A=>20=8O 8 :@8B5@88 4;O :;0AA8D8:0F88
87CG05@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=8O @0A:@K20BL A48G5A:>3> 70:>=0 .
. 5=45;5520 8 45<>=AB@8@>20BL 53> A8AB5<0B878@CNICN, >1JOA=8B5;L=CN
8 ?@>3=>AB8G5A:CN DC=:F88;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89: E0@0:B5@87>20BL M;5:B@>==>5 AB@>5=85
0B><>2 8 8>=>2 E8<8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2 ?5@2>3>3G5B2ё@B>3> ?5@8>4>2
#5@8>48G5A:>9
A8AB5;L7CO
?>=OB8O
«M=5@35B8G5A:85 C@>2=8», «M=5@35B8G5A:85 ?>4C@>2=8», «s-, p-, d-0B><=K5
>@18B0;8», «>A=>2=>5 8 2>71C64ё==>5 M=5@35B8G5A:85 A>AB>O=8O 0B><0»;
>1JOA=OBL 70:>=><5@=>AB8 87<5=5=8O A2>9AB2 E8<8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2 8 8E
A>548=5=89 ?> ?5@8>40< 8 3@C??0< #5@8>48G5A:>9 A8AB57<>6=>AB8 0B><>2 M;5<5=B>2 =0 >A=>25 AB@>5=8O 8E
M;5:B@>==KE >1>;>G5:;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89: E0@0:B5@87>20BL (>?8AK20BL) >1I85
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 25I5AB2 @07;8G=KE :;0AA>2, ?>4B25@640BL
ACI5AB2>20=85 35=5B8G5A:>9 A2O78 <564C =5>@30=8G5A:8<8 25I5AB20<8 A
?><>ILN C@02=5=89 A>>B25BAB2CNI8E E8<8G5A:8E @50:F89;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=8O @0A:@K20BL ACI=>ABL: >:8A;8B5;L=>2>AAB0=>28B5;L=KE @50:F89 ?>A@54AB2>< A>AB02;5=8O M;5:B@>==>3> 10;0=A0
MB8E @50:F89; @50:F89 8>==>3> >1<5=0 ?CBё< A>AB02;5=8O 8E ?>;=KE 8
A>:@0Iё==KE
8>==KE
C@02=5=89;
@50:F89
384@>;870;
@50:F89
:>>1@07>20=8O (=0 ?@8<5@5 384@>:A>:>2 F8=:0 8 0;N<8=8O);

AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=8O >1JOA=OBL 70:>=><5@=>AB8 ?@>B5:0=8O
E8<8G5A:8E @50:F89 A CGёB>< 8E M=5@35B8G5A:8E E0@0:B5@8AB8:, E0@0:B5@
87<5=5=8O A:>@>AB8 E8<8G5A:>9 @50:F88 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B @07;8G=KE
D0:B>@>2, 0 B0:65 E0@0:B5@ A<5I5=8O E8<8G5A:>3> @02=>25A8O ?>4 2;8O=85<
2=5H=8E 2>7459AB289 (?@8=F8? 5 ,0B5;L5);
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=8O E0@0:B5@87>20BL E8<8G5A:85 @50:F88,
;560I85 2 >A=>25 ?@>3> ?>;CG5=8O A5@=>9 :8A;>BK, 0<<80:0,
>1I85 =0CG=K5 ?@8=F8?K E8<8G5A:8E ?@>872>4AB2; F5;5A>>1@07=>ABL
?@8<5=5=8O =5>@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2 2 ?@>AB8 8 2 1KBC A B>G:8
7@5=8O A>>B=>H5=8O @8A:-?>;L70;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL 2;045=8O A8AB5<>9 7=0=89 > <5B>40E =0CG=>3>
?>7=0=8O O2;5=89 ?@8@>4K 3 =01;N45=85, 87<5@5=85, <>45;8@>20=85,
M:A?5@8<5=B (@50;L=K9 8 ;L7C5< 8AA;54>20=88 25I5AB2
8 4;O >1JOA=5=8O E8<8G5A:8E O2;5=89, 8<5NI8E <5AB> 2 ?@8@>45,
?@0:B8G5A:>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 G5;>25:0 8 2 ?>2A54=52=>9 687=8;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=8O 2KO2;OBL 2708<>A2O7L E8<8G5A:8E 7=0=89 A
?>=OB8O<8 8 ?@54AB02;5=8O<8 4@C38E 5AB5AB25==>-=0CG=KE ?@54<5B>2 4;O
1>;55 >A>7=0==>3> ?>=8<0=8O <0B5@80;L=>3> 548=AB20 <8@0;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=8O ?@>2>48BL @0AGёBK: A 8A?>;L7>20=85<
?>=OB89 «<0AA>20O 4>;O 25I5AB20 2 @0AB2>@5» 8 «<>;O@=0O :>=F5=B@0F8O»;
<0AAK 25I5AB20 8;8 >1Jё<0 3070 ?> 8725AB=>;8G5AB2C 25I5AB20, <0AA5
8;8 >1Jё4=>3> 87 CG0AB2CNI8E 2 @50:F88 25I5AB2; B5?;>2>3> MDD5:B0
@50:F88; 7=0G5=8O 2>4>@>4=>3> ?>:070B5;O @0AB2>@>2 :8A;>B 8 I5;>G59 A
8725AB=>9 AB5?5=LN 48AA>F80F88; <0AAK (>1Jё<0, :>;8G5AB20 25I5AB20)
?@>4C:B0 @50:F88, 5A;8 >4=> 87 8AE>4=KE 25I5AB2 40=> 2 2845 @0AB2>@0 A
>?@545;ё==>9 <0AA>2>9 4>;59 @0AB2>@ё==>3> 25I5AB20 8;8 40=> 2 871KB:5
(8<55B ?@8<5A8); 4>;8 2KE>40 ?@>4C:B0 @50:F88; >1Jё<=KE >B=>H5=89 307>2;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89: A0<>AB>OB5;L=> ?;0=8@>20BL 8 ?@>2>48BL
E8<8G5A:89 M:A?5@8<5=B (?@>2545=85 @50:F89 8>==>3> >1<5=0,
?>4B25@645=85 :0G5AB25==>3> A>AB020 =5>@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2, >?@545;5=85
A@54K @0AB2>@>2 25I5AB2 A ?><>ILN 8=48:0B>@>2, 87CG5=85 2;8O=8O
@07;8G=KE D0:B>@>2 =0 A:>@>ABL E8<8G5A:>9 @50:F88, @5H5=85
M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<0< « 5B0;;K» 8 «!5<5B0;;K») A
A>1;N45=85< ?@028; 157>?0A=>3> >1@0I5=8O A 25I5AB20<8 8 ;01>@0B>@=K<
>1>@C4>20=85<, D>@20BL F5;L 8AA;54>20=8O, ?@54AB02;OBL 2 @07;8G=>9
D>@<5 @57C;LB0BK M:A?5@8<5=B0, 0=0;878@>20BL 8 >F5=820BL 8E
4>AB>25@=>ABL;

AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89: A>1;N40BL ?@028;0 ?>;L7>20=8O E8<8G5A:>9
?>AC4>9 8 ;01>@0B>@=K< >1>@C4>20=85<, >1@0I5=8O A 25I5AB20<8 2
A>>B25BAB288 A 8=AB@C:F8O<8 ?> 2K?>;=5=8N ;01>@0B>@=KE E8<8G5A:8E
>?KB>2, M:>;>38G5A:8 F5;5A>>1@07=>3> ?>2545=8O 2 1KBC 8 B@C4>2>9
45OB5;L=>AB8 2 F5;OE A>E@0=5=8O A2>53> 74>@>2LO, >:@C60NI59 ?@8@>4=>9
A@54K 8 4>AB865=8O 5ё CAB>9G82>3> @0728B8O, >A>7=020BL >?0A=>ABL
B>:A8G5A:>3> 459AB28O =0 682K5 >@30=87?@545;ё==KE =5>@30=8G5A:8E
25I5AB2, ?>=8<0O A:070B5;O #;
AD>@<8@>20==>ABL C<5=89: >ACI5AB2;OBL F5;5=0?@02;5==K9 ?>8A:
E8<8G5A:>9 8=D>@<0F88 2 @07;8G=KE 8AB>G=8:0E (=0CG=0O 8 CG51=>-=0CG=0O
;8B5@0BC@0, A@54AB20 <0AA>2>9 8=D>@<0F88, =B5@=5B 8 4@C385), :@8B8G5A:8
0=0;878@>20BL E8<8G5A:CN 8=D>@<0F8N, ?5@5@010BK20BL 5ё 8 8A?>;L7>20BL 2
A>>B25BAB288 A ?>AB02;5==>9 CG51=>9 7040G59.

& &+%" #!$"!
10 %%
№
?/?

>;8G5AB2> G0A>2

!08<5=>20=85 @0745;>2 8 B5<
?@>3@0<

>=B@>;P=O5
@01>BO

#@0:B8G5A:85
@01>BO

$0745; 1. &5>@5B8G5A:85 >A=>2O >@30=8G5A:>9 E8<88
1.1

#@54<5B >@30=8G5A:>9 E8<88. &5>@8O
AB@>5=8O >@30=8G5A:8E A>548=5=89 .
CB;5@>20

.

B>3> ?> @0745;C

8
8

$0745; 2. '3;52>4>@>4O
2.1

#@545;L=K5 C3;52>4>@>4K 4 0;:0=K,
F8:;>0;:0=K

5

2.2

!5?@545;L=K5 C3;52>4>@>4K: 0;:5=K,
0;:0485=K, 0;:8=K

14

2.3

@><0B8G5A:85 C3;52>4>@>4K (0@5=K)

8

2.4

#@8@>4=K5 8AB>G=8:8 C3;52>4>@>4>2 8 8E
?5@5@01>B:0

4

2.5

0;>35=?@>872>4=K5 C3;52>4>@>4>2

4

B>3> ?> @0745;C

1

1

35

$0745; 3. 8A;>@>4A>45@60щ85 >@30=8G5A:85 A>548=5=8я
3.1

%?8@BK. (5=>;

11

1

1;5:B@>==O5
(F8D@>2O5)
>1@07>20B5;P=O5
@5AC@AO

3.2

0@1>=8;L=K5 A>548=5=8O: 0;L45384K 8
:5B>=K. 0@1>=>2K5 :8A;>BK. %;>6=K5
MD8@K. 8@K

21

3.3

'3;52>4K

9

B>3> ?> @0745;C

1
1

41

$0745; 4. 7>BA>45@60щ85 >@30=8G5A:85 A>548=5=8я
4.1

<8=K. <8=>:8A;>BK. 5;:8

12

B>3> ?> @0745;C

1

2

12

$0745; 5. OA>:><>;5:C;я@=O5 A>548=5=8я
5.1

KA>:><>;5:C;O@=K5 A>548=5=8O

6

B>3> ?> @0745;C
"- "+%&" +%" #" #$"$

1

6


102

3

6

11 %%
№ ?/?

!08<5=>20=85 @0745;>2 8 B5<
?@>3@0<;8G5AB2> G0A>2
>=B@>;P=O5
@01>BO

A53>

#@0:B8G5A:85
@01>BO

$0745; 1. &5>@5B8G5A:85 >A=>2O E8<88
1.1

%B@>5=85 0B><0. #5@8>48G5A:89 70:>=
8 #5@8>48G5A:0O A8AB5<0 E8<8G5A:8E
M;5<5=B>2 . . 5=45;5520

9

1.2

%B@>5=85 25I5AB20.
25I5AB2

11

1

1.3

)8<8G5A:85 @50:F88

19

1

3

=>3>>1@0785

B>3> ?> @0745;C

39

$0745; 2. !5>@30=8G5A:0я E8<8я
2.1

!5<5B0;;K

31

1

3

2.2

5B0;;K

23

1

2

4

8

B>3> ?> @0745;C

54

$0745; 3. )8<8я 8 687=P
3.1

5B>4K ?>7=0=8O 2 E8<88. )8<8O 8
687=L

B>3> ?> @0745;C
"- "+%&" +%" #"
#$"$


9
9
102

1;5:B@>==O5
(F8D@>2O5)
>1@07>20B5;P=O5
@5AC@AO

#"'$"+!" #!$"!
10 %%
№
?/?

>;8G5AB2> G0A>2
&5<0 C@>:0

A53>

1

#@54<5B 8 7=0G5=85 >@30=8G5A:>9
E8<88, ?@54AB02;5=85 > <=>3>>1@0788
>@30=8G5A:8E A>548=5=89

1

2

1;5:B@>==>5 AB@>5=85 0B><0 C3;5@>40
(>A=>2=>5 8 2>71C64ё==>5 A>AB>O=8O).
0;5=B=K5 2>7<>6=>AB8 0B><0
C3;5@>40

1

3

)8<8G5A:0O A2O7L 2 >@30=8G5A:8E
A>548=5=8OE. 5E0=871@07>20=8O
:>20;5=B=>9 A2O78, A?>A>1K @07@K20
A2O759

1

4

&5>@8O AB@>5=8O >@30=8G5A:8E
A>548=5=89 . . CB;5@>20

1

5

84K 87><5@88: AB@C:BC@=0O,
?@>AB@0=AB25==0O. 1;5:B@>==K5
MDD5:BK 2 <>;5:C;0E >@30=8G5A:8E
A>548=5=89

1

6

#@54AB02;5=85 > :;0AA8D8:0F88 8
A8AB5<0B8G5A:0O =><5=:;0BC@0
(IUPAC) >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2

1

>=B@>;P=O5
@01>BO

#@0:B8G5A:85
@01>BO

0B0
87CG5=8я

1;5:B@>==O5
F8D@>2O5
>1@07>20B5;P=O5
@5AC@AO

7

;0AA8D8:0F8O @50:F89 2
>@30=8G5A:>9 E8<88

1

8

%8AB5<0B870F8O 8 >1>1I5=85 7=0=89
?> B5<5

1

9

;:0=K: 3><>;>38G5A:89 @O4, >1I0O
D>@<5=:;0BC@0 8 87><5@8O,
M;5:B@>==>5 8 ?@>AB@0=AB25==>5
AB@>5=85 <>;5:C;

1

10

(878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20
0;:0=>2

1

11

!0E>645=85 0;:0=>2 2 ?@8@>45.
%?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85
0;:0=>2

1

12

*8:;>0;:0=K: >1I0O D>@<5=:;0BC@0 8 87><5@8O, >A>15==>AB8
AB@>5=8O 8 E8<8G5A:8E A2>9AB2,
A?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85

1

13

$5H5=85 @0AGёB=KE 7040G =0
>?@545;5=85 <>;5:C;O@=>9 D>@@30=8G5A:>3> 25I5AB20 ?> <0AA>2K<
4>;O< 0B><>2 M;5<5=B>2, 2E>4OI8E 2
53> A>AB02. %8AB5<0B870F8O 8
>1>1I5=85 7=0=89 ?> B5<5

1

14

;:5=K: 3><>;>38G5A:89 @O4, >1I0O
D>@<5=:;0BC@0, M;5:B@>==>5 8
?@>AB@0=AB25==>5 AB@>5=85 <>;5:C;.
%B@C:BC@=0O 8 F8A-B@0=A-87><5@8O
0;:5=>2

1

15

(878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20
0;:5=>2. #@028;> 0@:>2=8:>20

1

16

%?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85
0;:5=>2

1

17

#@0:B8G5A:0O @01>B0 7 1 ?> B5<5
"#>;CG5=85 MB8;5=0 8 87CG5=85 53>
A2>9AB2"

1

18

$5H5=85 @0AGёB=KE 7040G =0
>?@545;5=85 <>;5:C;O@=>9 D>@@30=8G5A:>3> 25I5AB20

1

19

;:0485=K: A>?@O6ё==K5,
87>;8@>20==K5, :C20==K5.
"A>15==>AB8 M;5:B@>==>3> AB@>5=8O

1

20

)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 A>?@O6ё==KE
485=>2

1

21

%?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85
0;:0485=>2

1

22

;:8=K: 3><>;>38G5A:89 @O4, >1I0O
D>@<5=:;0BC@0, M;5:B@>==>5 8
?@>AB@0=AB25==>5 AB@>5=85 <>;5:C;,
D878G5A:85 A2>9AB20

1

23

)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 0;:8=>2

1

24

0G5AB25==K5 @50:F88 =0 B@>9=CN
A2O7L

1

25

%?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85
0;:8=>2

1

26

$5H5=85 7040G: @0AGёBK ?> C@02=5=8N
E8<8G5A:>9 @50:F88

1

1

27

%8AB5<0B870F8O 8 >1>1I5=85 7=0=89
?> B5<5

1

28

@5=K: 3><>;>38G5A:89 @O4, >1I0O
D>@<5=:;0BC@0. 1;5:B@>==>5 8
?@>AB@0=AB25==>5 AB@>5=85 <>;5:C;
15=7>;0 8 B>;C>;0, 8E D878G5A:85
A2>9AB20

1

29

)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 0@5=>2: @50:F88
70<5I5=8O

1

30

)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 0@5=>2: @50:F88
?@8A>548=5=8O, >:8A;5=85 3><>;>3>2
15=7>;0

1

31

"A>15==>AB8 E8<8G5A:8E A2>9AB2
AB8@>;0

1

32

$5H5=85 @0AGёB=KE 7040G =0
>?@545;5=85 <>;5:C;O@=>9 D>@@30=8G5A:>3> 25I5AB20

1

33

%?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85
0@5=>2

1

34

5=5B8G5A:0O A2O7L <564C @07;8G=K<8
:;0AA0<8 C3;52>4>@>4>2

1

35

$0AGёBK ?> C@02=5=8O< E8<8G5A:8E
@50:F89. %8AB5<0B870F8O 8 >1>1I5=85
7=0=89 ?> B5<5

1

36

#@8@>4=K9 307. #>?CB=K5 =5DBO=K5
307K

1

37

0<5==K9 C3>;L 8 ?@>4C:BK 53>
?5@5@01>B:8

1

38

!5DBL 8 A?>A>1K 5ё ?5@5@01>B:8
=5DB8. #@8<5=5=85 ?@>4C:B>2
?5@5@01>B:8 =5DB8

1

39

5=5B8G5A:0O A2O7L <564C @07;8G=K<8
:;0AA0<8 C3;52>4>@>4>2

1

40

0;>35=>?@>872>4=K5 C3;52>4>@>4>2:
M;5:B@>==>5 AB@>5=85; @50:F88
70<5I5=8O 30;>35=0

1

41

59AB285 I5;>G59 =0
30;>35=?@>872>4=K5. 708<>459AB285
4830;>35=0;:0=>2 A <03=85< 8 F8=:><

1

42

%8AB5<0B870F8O 8 >1>1I5=85 7=0=89
?> @0745;C «'3;52>4>@>4K»

1

43

>=B@>;L=0O @01>B0 ?> B5<5
"'3;52>4>@>4K"

1

44

#@545;L=K5 >4=>0B><=K5 A?8@BK:
3><>;>38G5A:89 @O4, >1I0O D>@5=85 <>;5:C;, 87><5@8O,
=><5=:;0BC@0, :;0AA8D8:0F8O,
D878G5A:85 A2>9AB20

1

45

)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 ?@545;L=KE
>4=>0B><=KE A?8@B>2

1

46

%?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85
>4=>0B><=KE A?8@B>2

1

47

#@>ABK5 MD8@K: =><5=:;0BC@0 8
87><5@8O, >A>15==>AB8 D878G5A:8E 8
E8<8G5A:8E A2>9AB2

1

1

48

=>3>0B><=K5 A?8@BK: MB8;5=3;8:>;L
8 3;8F5@8=, 8E D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20

1

49

%?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85
<=>3>0B><=KE A?8@B>2

1

50

(5=>;: AB@>5=85 <>;5:C;K,
D878G5A:85 A2>9AB20. &>:A8G=>ABL
D5=>;0

1

51

)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 D5=>;0

1

52

%?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85
D5=>;0

1

53

#@0:B8G5A:0O @01>B0 7 2. $5H5=85
M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<5
«%?8@BK 8 D5=>;K»

1

54

%8AB5<0B870F8O 8 >1>1I5=85 7=0=89
?> B5<5

1

55

;L45384K 8 :5B>=K: M;5:B@>==>5
AB@>5=85 :0@1>=8;L=>9 3@C??K;
3><>;>38G5A:85 @O4K, >1I0O D>@<5@8O 8 =><5=:;0BC@0

1

56

;L45384K 8 :5B>=K: D878G5A:85
A2>9AB20; @50:F88 ?@8A>548=5=8O

1

57

$50:F88 >:8A;5=8O 8 :0G5AB25==K5
@50:F88 0;L45384>2 8 :5B>=>2

1

58

%?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 0;L45384>2 8
:5B>=>2

1

1

59

"4=>>A=>2=K5 ?@545;L=K5 :0@1>=>2K5
:8A;>BK, >A>15==>AB8 AB@>5=8O 8E
<>;5:C;

1

60

7><5@8O 8 =><5=:;0BC@0 :0@1>=>2KE
:8A;>B, 8E D878G5A:85 A2>9AB20

1

61

)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 ?@545;L=KE
>4=>>A=>2=KE :0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B

1

62

"A>15==>AB8 A2>9AB2 9
:8A;>BK. =>3>>1@0785 :0@1>=>2KE
:8A;>B

1

63

"A>15==>AB8 A2>9AB2: =5?@545;L=KE 8
0@><0B8G5A:8E :0@1>=>2KE,
48:0@1>=>2KE, 384@>:A8:0@1>=>2KE
:8A;>B. #@54AB028B5;8 2KAH8E
:0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B

1

64

#>=OB85 > ?@>872>4=KE :0@1>=>2KE
:8A;>B

1

65

%?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85
:0@1>=>2KE :8A;>B

1

66

%;>6=K5 MD8@K: 3><>;>38G5A:89 @O4,
>1I0O D>@<5@8O 8
=><5=:;0BC@0

1

67

(878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20
MD8@>2

1

68

$5H5=85 @0AGёB=KE 7040G: ?>
C@02=5=8N E8<8G5A:>9 @50:F88, =0
>?@545;5=85 <>;5:C;O@=>9 D>@@30=8G5A:>3> 25I5AB20

1

69

#@0:B8G5A:0O @01>B0 7 3. $5H5=85
M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<5
"0@1>=>2K5 :8A;>BK. %;>6=K5
MD8@K"

1

70

8@K: AB@>5=85, D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 (384@>;87)

1

71

"A>15==>AB8 A2>9AB2 68@>2,
A>45@60I8E >AB0B:8 =5?@545;L=KE
68@=KE :8A;>B. 8@K 2 ?@8@>45

1

72

K;0 :0: A>;8 2KAH8E :0@1>=>2KE
:8A;>B, 8E <>NI55 459AB285. #>=OB85
> A8=B5B8G5A:8E <>NI8E A@54AB20E
(% %)

1

73

5=5B8G5A:0O A2O7L C3;52>4>@>4>2 8
:8A;>@>4A>45@60I8E >@30=8G5A:8E
25I5AB2

1

74

$0AGёBK ?> C@02=5=8O< E8<8G5A:8E
@50:F89

1

75

%8AB5<0B870F8O 8 >1>1I5=85 7=0=89
?> B5<5

1

76

"1I0O E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 C3;52>4>2 8
:;0AA8D8:0F8O C3;52>4>2 (<>=>-, 48- 8
?>;8A0E0@84K)

1

77

>=>A0E0@84K: D878G5A:85 A2>9AB20 8
=0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45

1

78

#@8<5=5=85 3;N:>7K, 5ё 7=0G5=85 2
687=545OB5;L=>AB8 >@30=87<0

1

1

79

8A0E0@84K: A0E0@>70, <0;LB>70 8
;0:B>70. !0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45 8
?@8<5=5=85 48A0E0@84>2

1

80

#>;8A0E0@84K: AB@>5=85
<0:@><>;5:C;, D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20, ?@8<5=5=85

1

81

#>=OB85 >1 8A:CAAB25==KE 2>;>:=0E

1

82

$5H5=85 @0AG5B=KE 7040G =0
>?@545;5=85 4>;8 2KE>40 ?@>4C:B0
@50:F88 >B B5>@5B8G5A:8 2>7<>6=>3>

1

83

%8AB5<0B870F8O 8 >1>1I5=85 7=0=89
?> @0745;C

1

84

>=B@>;L=0O @01>B0 ?> B5<5
"8A;>@>4A>45@60I85 >@30=8G5A:85
A>548=5=8O"

1

85

<8=K: :;0AA8D8:0F8O, AB@>5=85
<>;5:C;, >1I0O D>@<5@8O,
=><5=:;0BC@0 8 D878G5A:85 A2>9AB20

1

86

)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 0;8D0B8G5A:8E
0<8=>2

1

87

=8;8=: AB@>5=85 0=8;8=0,
>A>15==>AB8 E8<8G5A:8E A2>9AB2
0=8;8=0

1

88

%?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 8 ?@8<5=5=85
0;8D0B8G5A:8E 0<8=>2

1

89

<8=>:8A;>BK: =><5=:;0BC@0 8
87><5@8O, D878G5A:85 A2>9AB20.

1

1

"B45;L=K5 ?@54AB028B5;8 α0<8=>:8A;>B
90

)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 0<8=>:8A;>B, 8E
18>;>38G5A:>5 7=0G5=85 0<8=>:8A;>B.
%8=B57 8 384@>;87 ?5?B84>2

1

91

5;:8 :0: ?@8@>4=K5 ?>;8<5@K;
AB@C:BC@K 15;:>2

1

92

)8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 15;:>2

1

93

7>BA>45@60I85 35B5@>F8:;8G5A:8E
A>548=5=8OE. !C:;58=>2K5 :8A;>BK:
A>AB02, AB@>5=85 8 18>;>38G5A:0O @>;L

1

94

#@0:B8G5A:0O @01>B0 7 4. $5H5=85
M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<5
«7>BA>45@60I85 >@30=8G5A:85
A>548=5=8O»

1

1

95

#@0:B8G5A:0O @01>B0 7 5. $5H5=85
M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<5
«$0A?>7=020=85 >@30=8G5A:8E
A>548=5=89»

1

1

96

>=B@>;L=0O @01>B0 ?> B5<5
"7>BA>45@60I85 >@30=8G5A:85
A>548=5=8O"

1

97

"A=>2=K5 ?>=OB8O E8<88
2KA>:><>;5:C;O@=KE A>548=5=89 8
<5B>4K 8E A8=B570 4?>;8<5@870F8O 8
?>;8:>=45=A0F8O

1

98

#;0AB<0AAK. 'B8;870F8O 8 ?5@5@01>B:0
?;0AB8:0

1

1

99

1;0AB><5@K: =0BC@0;L=K9
A8=B5B8G5A:85 :0CGC:8. $578=0

1

100

>;>:=0: =0BC@0;L=K5, 8A:CAAB25==K5,
A8=B5B8G5A:85. #>;8<5@K
A?5F80;L=>3> =07=0G5=8O

1

101

#@0:B8G5A:0O @01>B0 7 6. $5H5=85
M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<5
«$0A?>7=020=85 ?;0AB<0AA 8 2>;>:>=»

1

102

"1>1I5=85 8 A8AB5<0B870F8O
87CG5==>3> <0B5@80;0 ?> B5<5
"KA>:><>;5:C;O@=K5 A>548=5=8O"

1

"- "+%&" +%" #"
#$"$


102

1

3

6

11 %%
№
?/?

>;8G5AB2> G0A>2
&5<0 C@>:0

A53>

1

B><. %>AB02 0B><=KE O45@.
)8<8G5A:89 M;5<5=B. 7>B>?K

1

2

%B@>5=85 M;5:B@>==KE >1>;>G5: 0B><>2,
:20=B>2K5 G8A;0

1

3

;0AA8D8:0F8O E8<8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2
(s-, p-, d-, f-M;5<5=BK)

1

4

$0A?@545;5=85 M;5:B@>=>2 ?> 0B><=K<
>@18B0;O<

1

5

1;5:B@>==K5 :>=D83C@0F88 0B><>2
M;5<5=B>2 2 >A=>2=>< 8 2>71C64ё==><
A>AB>O=88

1

6

1;5:B@>==K5 :>=D83C@0F88 8>=>2.
1;5:B@>>B@8F0B5;L=>ABL

1

7

#5@8>48G5A:89 70:>= 8 #5@8>48G5A:0O
A8AB5<0 E8<8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2 . .
5=45;5520, A2O7L A A>2@5<5==>9
B5>@859 AB@>5=8O 0B><>2

1

8

0:>=><5@=>AB8 87<5=5=8O A2>9AB2
E8<8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2 8 >1@07C5ABKE 8 A;>6=KE 25I5AB2 ?>
3@C??0< 8 ?5@8>40<

1

>=B@>;P=O5
@01>BO

#@0:B8G5A:85
@01>BO

0B0
87CG5=8я

1;5:B@>==O5
F8D@>2O5
>1@07>20B5;P=O5
@5AC@AO

9

%8AB5<0B870F8O 8 >1>1I5=85 7=0=89 ?>
B5<5

1

10

84K E8<8G5A:>9 A2O78. 5E0=871@07>20=8O :>20;5=B=>9 A2O78.
>4>@>4=0O A2O7L. 56<>;5:C;O@=K5
2708<>459AB28O

1

11

0;5=B=>ABL 8 20;5=B=K5 2>7<>6=>AB8
0B><>2. %2O7L M;5:B@>==>9 AB@C:BC@K
<>;5:C; A 8E 35><5B@8G5A:8< AB@>5=85<

1

12

#@54AB02;5=8O > :>548=5=8OE: A>AB02 8 =><5=:;0BC@0

1

13

5I5AB20 <>;5:C;O@=>3> 8
=5<>;5:C;O@=>3> AB@>5=8O. &8?K
:@8AB0;;8G5A:8E @5H5B>: 8 A2>9AB20
25I5AB2

1

14

#>=OB85 > 48A?5@A=KE A8AB5<0E.
#@54AB02;5=85 > :>;;>84=KE @0AB2>@0E

1

15

AB8==K5 @0AB2>@K: =0AKI5==K5 8
=5=0AKI5==K5, @0AB2>@8<>ABL.
@8AB0;;>384@0BK

1

16

%?>A>1K 2K@065=8O :>=F5=B@0F88
@0AB2>@>2

1

17

$5H5=85 7040G A 8A?>;L7>20=85<
?>=OB89 «<0AA>20O 4>;O @0AB2>@ё==>3>
25I5AB20», «<>;O@=0O :>=F5=B@0F8O»

1

18

;0AA8D8:0F8O 8 =><5=:;0BC@0
=5>@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2

1

19

%8AB5<0B870F8O 8 >1>1I5=85 7=0=89 ?>
B5<5

1

20

>=B@>;L=0O @01>B0 ?> B5<0< «%B@>5=85
0B><0. #5@8>48G5A:89 70:>= 8
#5@8>48G5A:0O A8AB5<0 E8<8G5A:8E
M;5<5=B>2 .. 5=45;5520», «%B@>5=85
25I5AB20. =>3>>1@0785 25I5AB2»

1

21

;0AA8D8:0F8O E8<8G5A:8E @50:F89 2
=5>@30=8G5A:>9 8 >@30=8G5A:>9 E8<88.
0:>= A>E@0=5=8O <0AAK 25I5AB2; 70:>=
A>E@0=5=8O 8 ?@52@0I5=8O M=5@388 ?@8
E8<8G5A:8E @50:F8OE

1

22

&5?;>2K5 MDD5:BK E8<8G5A:8E @50:F89.
&5@<>E8<8G5A:85 C@02=5=8O

1

23

KG8A;5=8O ?> C@02=5=8O< E8<8G5A:8E
@50:F89 8 B5@<>E8<8G5A:8< C@02=5=8O<

1

24

%:>@>ABL E8<8G5A:>9 @50:F88, 5ё
7028A8<>ABL >B @07;8G=KE D0:B>@>2.
0B0;87 8 :0B0;870B>@K

1

25

><>35==K5 8 35B5@>35==K5 @50:F88

1

26

#@0:B8G5A:0O @01>B0 7 1 ?> B5<5
";8O=85 @07;8G=KE D0:B>@>2 =0
A:>@>ABL E8<8G5A:>9 @50:F88"

1

27

"1@0B81@0B85 @02=>25A85

1

28

#@0:B8G5A:0O @01>B0 7 2 ?> B5<5
";8O=85 @07;8G=KE D0:B>@>2 =0
?>;>65=85 E8<8G5A:>3> @02=>25A8O"

1

1

1

1

29

1;5:B@>;8B8G5A:0O 48AA>F80F8O.
%8;L=K5 8 A;01K5 M;5:B@>;8BK. %B5?5=L
48AA>F80F88

1

30

>==>5 ?@>872545=85 2>4K. %@540
2>4=KE @0AB2>@>2. >4>@>4=K9
?>:070B5;L (pH) @0AB2>@0

1

31

84@>;87 A>;59. $50:F88, ?@>B5:0NI85
2 @0AB2>@0E M;5:B@>;8B>2

1

32

#@0:B8G5A:0O @01>B0 7 3 ?> B5<5
")8<8G5A:85 @50:F88 2 @0AB2>@0E
M;5:B@>;8B>2"

1

33

":8A;8B5;L=>-2>AAB0=>28B5;L=K5
@50:F88. 06=59H85 >:8A;8B5;8 8
2>AAB0=>28B5;8

1

34

5B>4 M;5:B@>==>3> (M;5:B>==>8>==>3>) 10;0=A0

1

35

1;5:B@>;87 @0AB2>@>2 8 @0A?;02>2
25I5AB2

1

36

$5H5=85 7040G @07;8G=KE B8?>2

1

37

$5H5=85 7040G @07;8G=KE B8?>2

1

38

%8AB5<0B870F8O 8 >1>1I5=85 7=0=89 ?>
B5<5 ")8<8G5A:85 @50:F88"

1

39

>=B@>;L=0O @01>B0 ?> B5<5
")8<8G5A:85 @50:F88"

1

40

#>;>65=85 =5<5B0;;>2 2
#5@8>48G5A:>9 A8AB5<5 E8<8G5A:8E
M;5<5=B>2 . . 5=45;5520 8

1

1

1

>A>15==>AB8 AB@>5=8O 8E 0B><>2.
(878G5A:85 A2>9AB20 =5<5B0;;>2
41

;;>B@>?8O =5<5B0;;>2 (=0 ?@8<5@5
:8A;>@>40, A5@K, D>AD>@0 8 C3;5@>40)

1

42

>4>@>4: ?>;CG5=85, D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 84@84K

1

43

0;>35=K: =0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45,
A?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O, D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20

1

44

0;>35=>2>4>@>4K. 06=59H85
:8A;>@>4A>45@60I85 A>548=5=8O
30;>35=>2

1

45

01>@0B>@=K5 8 ?@>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O 30;>35=>2.
#@8<5=5=85 30;>35=>2 8 8E A>548=5=89

1

46

#@0:B8G5A:0O @01>B0 7 4. $5H5=85
M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<5
«0;>35=K»

1

47

8A;>@>4: ;01>@0B>@=K5 8
?@>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O,
D878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20.
"7>=. #@8<5=5=85 :8A;>@>40 8 >7>=0

1

48

":A84K 8 ?5@>:A84K

1

49

$5H5=85 7040G @07;8G=KE B8?>2

1

50

%5@0: =0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45, A?>A>1K
?>;CG5=8O, D878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85
A2>9AB20

1

51

%5@>2>4>@>4, AC;LD84K

1

1

52

8A;>@>4A>45@60I85 A>548=5=8O A5@K.
"A>15==>AB8 A2>9AB2 A5@=>9 :8A;>BK

1

53

#@0:B8G5A:0O @01>B0 7 5. $5H5=85
M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<5 «%5@0
8 5ё A>548=5=8O»

1

54

7>B: =0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45, A?>A>1K
?>;CG5=8O, D878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85
A2>9AB20. <<80:, =8B@84K

1

55

8A;>@>4A>45@-60I85 A>548=5=8O
07>B0. "A>15==>AB8 A2>9AB2 07>B=>9
:8A;>BK

1

56

#@8<5=5=85 07>B0 8 53> A>548=5=89.
7>B=K5 C4>1@5=8O

1

57

(>AD>@: =0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45,
A?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O, D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20. (>AD84K 8
D>AD8=

1

58

":A84K D>AD>@0, D>AD>@A>45@60I85
:8A;>BK. %>;8 D>AD>@=>9 :8A;>BK

1

59

#@8<5=5=85 D>AD>@0 8 53> A>548=5=89.
(>AD>@=K5 C4>1@5=8O

1

60

#@0:B8G5A:0O @01>B0 7 6 $5H5=85
M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<5 «7>B
8 D>AD>@ 8 8E A>548=5=8O»

1

61

'3;5@>4: =0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45,
0;;>B@>?=K5 <>48D8:0F88; D878G5A:85
8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 ?@8<5=5=85

1

1

1

62

":A84 C3;5@>40(II), >:A84 C3;5@>40(IV),
C3>;L=0O :8A;>B0 8 5ё A>;8

1

63

$5H5=85 7040G @07;8G=KE B8?>2

1

64

@5<=89: =0E>645=85 2 ?@8@>45,
A?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O, D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20

1

65

":A84 :@5<=8O(IV), :@5<=8520O :8A;>B0,
A8;8:0BK

1

66

#@8<5=5=85 :@5<=8O 8 53> A>548=5=89.
%B5:;>, 53> ?>;CG5=85, 284K AB5:;0

1

67

$5H5=85 7040G @07;8G=KE B8?>2

1

68

%8AB5<0B870F8O 8 >1>1I5=85 7=0=89 ?>
B5<5 "!5<5B0;;K"

1

69

>=B@>;L=0O @01>B0 ?> B5<5
"!5<5B0;;K"

1

70

=0;87 @57C;LB0B>2 :>=B@>;L=>9
@01>BK, :>@@5:F8O >H81>:

1

71

#>;>65=85 <5B0;;>2 2 #5@8>48G5A:>9
A8AB5<5 E8<8G5A:8E M;5<5=B>2.
"A>15==>AB8 AB@>5=8O M;5:B@>==KE
>1>;>G5: 0B><>2 <5B0;;>2

1

72

"1I85 D878G5A:85 A2>9AB20 <5B0;;>2.
#@8<5=5=85 <5B0;;>2 2 1KBC 8 B5E=8:5

1

73

%?;02K <5B0;;>2. >@@>78O <5B0;;>2

1

74

$5H5=85 7040G @07;8G=KE B8?>2

1

75

1;5:B@>E8<8G5A:89 @O4 =0?@O65=89
<5B0;;>2. "1I85 A?>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O
<5B0;;>2

1

1

76

"1I0O E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 <5B0;;>2 IA3@C??K #5@8>48G5A:>9 A8AB52. !0B@89 8 :0;89:
?>;CG5=85, D878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85
A2>9AB20, ?@8<5=5=85 ?@>ABKE 25I5AB2
8 8E A>548=5=89

1

77

"1I0O E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 <5B0;;>2 IIA3@C??K #5@8>48G5A:>9 A8AB52. 03=89 8
:0;LF89: ?>;CG5=85, D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20, ?@8<5=5=85
?@>ABKE 25I5AB2 8 8E A>548=5=89

1

78

ёAB:>ABL 2>4K 8 A?>A>1K 5ё
CAB@0=5=8O

1

79

;N<8=89: ?>;CG5=85, D878G5A:85 8
E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20, ?@8<5=5=85

1

80

B5@=K5 A2>9AB20 >:A840 8
384@>:A840 0;N<8=8O,
384@>:A>:>2

1

82

#@0:B8G5A:0O @01>B0 7 7. $5H5=85
M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<5
« 5B0;;K 3;02=KE ?>43@C??»

1

83

"1I0O E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 <5B0;;>2
?>1>G=KE ?>43@C?? (-3@C??)
#5@8>48G5A:>9 A8AB52

1

1

84

(878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20
E@><0 8 53> A>548=5=89, 8E ?@8<5=5=85

1

85

06=59H85 A>548=5=8O <0@30=F0.
#5@<0=30=0B :0;8O, 53> >:8A;8B5;L=K5
A2>9AB20

1

86

(878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20
65;570 8 53> A>548=5=89. #>;CG5=85 8
?@8<5=5=85 A?;02>2 65;570

1

87

(878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20 <548
8 5ё A>548=5=89, 8E ?@8<5=5=85

1

88

(878G5A:85 8 E8<8G5A:85 A2>9AB20
F8=:0 8 53> A>548=5=89, 8E ?@8<5=5=85.
84@>:A>:>B0 7 8. $5H5=85
M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE 7040G ?> B5<5
« 5B0;;K ?>1>G=KE ?>43@C??»

1

90

$5H5=85 7040G @07;8G=KE B8?>2

1

91

"1>1I5=85 8 A8AB5<0B870F8O
87CG5==>3> <0B5@80;0 ?> B5<5
" 5B0;;K"

1

92

>=B@>;L=0O @01>B0 ?> B5<5 " 5B0;;K"

1

93

=0;87 @57C;LB0B>2 :>=B@>;L=>9
@01>BK, :>@@5:F8O >H81>:

1

94

$>;L E8<88 2 >15A?5G5=88 CAB>9G82>3>
@0728B8O G5;>25G5AB20. #>=OB85 >
=0CG=KE <5B>40E 8AA;54>20=8O 25I5AB2

1

95

!0CG=K5 ?@8=F8?K >@30=870F88
E8<8G5A:>3> ?@>872>4AB20.

1

1

1

#@>A>1K ?>;CG5=8O
206=59H8E 25I5AB2
96

)8<8G5A:>5 703@O7=5=85 >:@C60NI59
A@54K 8 53> ?>A;54AB28O

1

97

)8<8O 8 74>@>2L5 G5;>25:0.
5:0@AB25==K5 A@54AB20

1

98

)8<8O ?8I8. $>;L E8<88 2 >15A?5G5=88
?8I52>9 157>?0A=>AB8

1

99

>A<5B8G5A:85 8 ?0@DN<5@=K5
A@54AB20. KB>20O E8<8O

1

100

)8<8O 2 AB@>8B5;LAB25. 06=59H85
AB@>8B5;L=K5 8 :>=AB@C:F8>==K5
<0B5@80;K

1

101

)8<8O 2 A5;LA:>< E>7O9AB25.
"@30=8G5A:85 8 <8=5@0;L=K5 C4>1@5=8O

1

102

%8AB5<0B870F8O 8 >1>1I5=85 7=0=89 ?>
B5<5

1

"- "+%&" +%" #"
#$"$


102

4

8

'+!"- &"+%" "%#+!
"$"&0!"" #$"*%%
"/&0!/ '+!/ &$/ / '+!
• )8<8O, 10 :;0AA/ @5<8= .., C7L<5=:> !.., &5@5=8= .., @>74>2
.., C=8= ..; ?>4 @540:F859 C=8=0 .., "1I5AB2> A >3@0=8G5==>9
>B25BAB25==>ABLN «$"(»; :F8>=5@=>5 >1I5AB2> «740B5;LAB2>
«#@>A25I5=85»
• )8<8O, 11 :;0AA/ @5<8= .., C7L<5=:> !.., @>74>2 .., C=8= ..;
?>4 @540:F859 C=8=0 .., "1I5AB2> A >3@0=8G5==>9 >B25BAB25==>ABLN
«$"(»; :F8>=5@=>5 >1I5AB2> «740B5;LAB2> «#@>A25I5=85»

&"+%

&$/ / '+&/



https://edsoo.ru/mr-himiya/



%1>@=8: 7040G 8 C?@06=5=89 10-11 :;0AA. %.. #C70:>2, .. #>?:>2,
.. 0@KH>20



$5?5B8B>@ ?> E8<88. .%. 3>@>2

*($"/ "$"&0!/ $%'$%/  $%'$%/ %&
!&$!&


https://scienceforyou.ru



https://stepenin.ru/tasks



https://fipi.ru/navigator-podgotovki/navigator-ege#hi